hiwiki:IPA for Turkish and Azerbaijani का स्रोत देखें

{{IPAkeys}}
The charts below show the way in which the [[International Phonetic Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)]] represents [[Turkish language|Turkish]], [[Azerbaijani language|Azerbaijani]] and [[Turkmen language|Turkmen]] pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. 

See [[Turkish phonology]], [[Azerbaijani language#Phonology|Azerbaijani language]], and [[Turkmen language#Sounds|Turkmen language]] for a more thorough discussion of the sounds of these languages.

{| style="background:none;"
| valign="top" | 
{| class="IPA wikitable" style="margin: 1em;"
! colspan="5"| [[Consonant]]s
|-
! colspan=3| IPA !! rowspan=2| Examples !! rowspan=2| English equivalent
|-
! {{flagicon|Turkey}} !! {{flagicon|Azerbaijan}} !! {{flagicon|Turkmenistan}}
|-
| align="center" colspan="3" |<big>{{IPAlink|b}}</big>|| '''b''' || a'''b'''out
|-
| align="center" colspan="3" |<big>{{IPAlink|d}}</big>|| '''d''' || a'''d'''o
|-
| align="center" colspan="3" |<big>{{IPAlink|d͡ʒ}}</big>|| '''c''' (Turkish/Azeri), '''j''' (Turkmen) || do'''dg'''e
|-
| align="center" colspan="2" |<big>{{IPAlink|f}}</big>
| align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|ɸ}}</big>
| '''f''' 
| '''f'''ood 
|-
| align="center" colspan="3" |<big>{{IPAlink|ɡ}}</big>|| '''g''' (Turkish/Turkmen), '''q''' (Azeri) <ref name=velar/> || a'''g'''o
|-
| align="center" colspan="3" |<big>{{IPAlink|ɟ}}</big>|| '''g'''<ref name=velar/> || '''g'''ear
|-
| align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|ɰ}}</big>
| align="center" rowspan="2" | <big>{{IPAlink|ɣ}}</big>
| align="center" rowspan="2" | —
| '''ğ''' 
| <ref name="g">Between front vowels ({{IPAblink|e}}, {{IPAblink|i}}, {{IPAblink|ø}}, {{IPAblink|y}}), ''ğ'' is similar to English ''y.'' Between back vowels ({{IPAblink|a}}, {{IPAblink|o}}, {{IPAblink|u}}, {{IPAblink|ɯ}}), it is a very light {{IPAblink|ɰ}} sound, like Spanish ''tri'''g'''o.'' Word-finally or before a consonant, it lengthens the preceding vowel.</ref>
|-
| align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|j}}</big>|| '''ğ'''<ref name="g"/> || <ref name="g"/>
|-
| align="center" colspan="3" |<big>{{IPAlink|h}}</big> <ref> In Turkmen, {{IPAblink|h}} occurs before front vowels ({{IPAblink|e}}, {{IPAblink|i}}, {{IPAblink|ø}}, {{IPAblink|y}}) while {{IPAblink|x}} occurs before back vowels ({{IPAblink|a}}, {{IPAblink|o}}, {{IPAblink|u}}, {{IPAblink|ɯ}}).</ref>|| '''h''' || '''h'''ome
|-
| align="center" colspan="3" |<big>{{IPAlink|j}}</big>|| '''y''' (Turkish/Azeri), '''ý''' (Turkmen) || '''y'''et
|-
| align="center" colspan="2" |<big>{{IPAlink|k}}</big>
| align="center" | <big>{{IPAlink|q}}</big>
| '''k'''
| s'''k'''ill; (Turkmen) ''k'' in the throat
|-
| align="center" colspan="2" |<big>{{IPAlink|c}}</big> <ref name=velarfricative>In many eastern Turkish/Azeri dialects, {{IPAblink|c}} at the end of a word or before a [[voiceless consonant]] may become {{IPAblink|ç}} as in '''''h'''uge''.</ref>
| align="center" | <big>{{IPAlink|k}}</big>
| '''k'''<ref name=velar>{{IPA|[c ~ k]}} (Turkish) / {{IPA|[c ~ q]}} (Azeri) / {{IPA|[k ~ q]}} (Turkmen), {{IPA|[ɟ ~ ɡ]}}(Turkish/Azeri) / {{IPA|[ɡ ~ ʁ]}} (Turkmen), {{IPA|[l ~ ɫ]}} only contrast in loan words before <â, û> vs. <a, u>; in native words, {{IPA|[c/k, ɟ/ɡ, l]}} occur before the front vowels ({{IPAblink|e}}, {{IPAblink|i}}, {{IPAblink|ø}}, {{IPAblink|y}}), while {{IPA|[k/q, ɡ, ɫ]}} occur before the back vowels ({{IPAblink|a}}, {{IPAblink|o}}, {{IPAblink|u}}, {{IPAblink|ɯ}}).</ref> || s'''k'''i
|-
| align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|l}}</big>
| align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="2" |<big>{{IPAlink|l}}</big>
| '''''l'''â'''l'''e'' 'tulip'<ref name=velar/> 
| '''l'''eaf
|-
| align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|ɫ}}</big>
| '''''l'''a'''l'''a'' 'tutor'<ref name=velar/> 
| woo'''l'''
|-
| align="center" colspan="3" |<big>{{IPAlink|m}}</big>|| '''m''' || '''m'''uch
|-
| align="center" colspan="3" |<big>{{IPAlink|n}}</big>|| '''n''' || '''n'''ot
|-
| align="center" colspan="2"|— ||<big>{{IPAlink|ŋ}}</big>|| '''ň''' (Turkmen) || wi'''ng'''
|-
| align="center" colspan="3" |<big>{{IPAlink|p}}</big>|| '''p''' || s'''p'''an
|-
| align="center" colspan="3" |<big>{{IPAlink|ɾ}}</big>|| '''r''' || (US) pre'''tt'''y; Scottish ''r''
|-
| align="center" colspan="2" |<big>{{IPAlink|s}}</big>
| align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|θ}}</big>
| '''s''' 
| '''s'''ue; '''th'''ink
|-
| align="center" colspan="3" |<big>{{IPAlink|ʃ}}</big>|| '''ş''' || '''sh'''oe
|-
| align="center" colspan="3" |<big>{{IPAlink|t}}</big>|| '''t''' || '''t'''able
|-
| align="center" colspan="3" |<big>{{IPAlink|t͡ʃ}}</big>|| '''ç''' || ca'''tch'''
|-
| align="center" colspan="2" |<big>{{IPAlink|v}}</big> <ref name=v/>
| align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|β}}</big>
| '''v''' (Turkish/Azeri), '''w''' (Turkmen)
| '''v'''ase, ho'''w'''<ref name=v>{{IPA|/v/}} may be {{IPAblink|w}} after a vowel or in some loanwords.</ref>; as Spanish la'''v'''a
|-
| align="center" | — 
| align="center" colspan="2"|<big>{{IPAlink|x}}</big>
| '''x''' (Azeri), '''h''' (Turkmen)<ref name=velarfricative/>
| Ba'''ch'''
|-
| align="center" colspan="2" |<big>{{IPAlink|z}}</big>
| align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|ð}}</big>
| '''z''' 
| '''z'''one; '''th'''en
|-
| align="center" colspan="3" |<big>{{IPAlink|ʒ}}</big>|| '''j''' (Turkish/Azeri), '''ž''' (Turkmen) || bei'''g'''e
|}
| valign="top" |
{| class="IPA wikitable" style="margin: 1em 2em;" 
! colspan="3"| [[Vowel]]s
|-
! IPA !! Examples !! English equivalent
|-
| align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|ä}}</big>
| ''d'''a'''l'' 'branch' || Spanish or French ''a'' to English ''d'''u'''ll''
|-
| align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|ɑ}}</big>
|| '''''A'''zərbayc'''a'''n'' (Azeri)|| ''br'''a'''''
|-
| align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|æ}}</big>
| align="left"| ''Az'''ə'''rbaycan'' (Azeri) '''''Ä'''zerbeýjan'' (Turkmen) || ''c'''a'''t''
|-
| align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|e}}</big>
| ''g'''e'''lin'' 'bride' || ''v'''e'''ry''
|-
| align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|i}}</big>
| ''d'''i'''l'' 'tongue' || ''d'''ea'''l''
|-
| align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|o}}</big>
| ''y'''o'''l'' 'way' || '''''o'''ld'' 
|-
| align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|ø}}</big>
| ''g'''ö'''r'' 'to see' || German ''ö''
|-
| align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|u}}</big>
|| '''''u'''çak'' 'airplane' || ''l'''oo'''t'' but shorter
|-
| align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|ɯ}}</big>
|| '''''ı'''l'''ı'''k'' (Turkish/Azeri) 'mild' '''''y'''l'''y'''k (Turkmen) || rather like ''ros'''e'''s'', or the second vowel of ''doesn't''
|-
| align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|y}}</big>
| ''g'''ü'''neş'' 'sun' || German ''ü'' or French ''u''
|}
<br>
{| class="IPA wikitable" style="margin: 1em 2em; text-align: center;" 
! colspan="3"| [[Suprasegmental]]s
|-
! IPA !! colspan=2| Examples
|-
| align="center" |<big> ˈ</big>
| colspan=2| torbalı [torbaˈlɯ] 'with bag'<br>Torbalı [ˈtorbalɯ] (a place name)
<ref>In Turkish proper, excepting certain unstressed suffixes and stressed verb tenses, proper nouns are typically stressed on the 2nd or 3rd last syllable, and other words on the last syllable.</ref>
|-
| align="center" |<big> ː</big>
|| '''â, û, ğ'''<ref name="g"/> || '''''â'''lem'' {{IPA|[aːlem]}} 'world'
|}
|}

==Notes==
<references/> 

[[Category:Wikipedia IPA|Turkish]]