hiwiki:IPA for Spanish का स्रोत देखें

{{IPAkeys}}
निम्न तालिकाओं में [[स्पेनी भाषा]] में प्रयोगित ध्वनियों व अक्षरों को [[अन्तर्राष्ट्रीय ध्वन्यात्मक वर्णमाला]] और मिलती-जुलती हिन्दी ध्वनियों द्वारा स्पष्ट करा गया है। ध्यान दें कि हिन्दी की दी गई ध्वनियाँ केवल निकटतम हैं - कुछ स्पेनी ध्वनियों की हिन्दी में सटीक बराबर की ध्वनी न होना सम्भव है।

See [[Spanish phonology]] for a more thorough look at the sounds of Spanish.

{| style="background: none"
|-----
| valign="top" |
{| class="IPA wikitable"
! colspan=3| [[व्यंजन वर्ण|व्यंजन]]
|-
![[अधव]] !! उदाहरण !! निकटतम हिन्दी ध्वनि
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|b}}</big>
| '''b'''estia; em'''b'''uste; '''v'''aca; en'''v'''idia
| '''ब'''
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|β̞|β}}</big>
|be'''b'''é; o'''b'''tuso; vi'''v'''ir; cur'''v'''a <ref name="Approximant">{{IPA|/b/}}, {{IPA|/d/}}, {{IPA|/ɡ/}} and {{IPA|/ʝ/}} are between [[fricative]]s and [[approximant consonant|approximants]] ({{IPA|[β̞, ð̞, ɣ̞, ʝ̞]}}; represented here without the undertacks) in all places except after a pause, after an {{IPA|/n/}} or {{IPA|/m/}}, or—in the case of {{IPA|/d/}} and {{IPA|/ʝ/}}—after an {{IPA|/l/}}, in which contexts they are stops {{IPA|[b, d, g, ɟʝ]}}, not dissimilar from English ''b, d, g, j'' {{Harvcol|Martínez-Celdrán|Fernández-Planas|Carrera-Sabaté|2003|p=257-8}}.</ref>
| '''ब''' और '''व''' के बीच की ध्वनि
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|d̪|d}}</big>
|'''d'''edo; cuan'''d'''o; al'''d'''aba
| '''द'''
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|ð̞|ð}}</big>
|dá'''d'''iva; ar'''d'''er; a'''d'''mirar <ref name="Approximant"/>
| '''द''' (द़)
|-

|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|f}}</big>
|'''f'''ase; ca'''f'''é <ref>The phoneme {{IPA|/f/}} is often pronounced as {{IPAblink|ɸ}}, with the lips touching each other rather than the front teeth.</ref>
| '''फ़'''
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|ɡ}}</big>
|'''g'''ato; len'''g'''ua; '''gu'''erra
| '''ग'''
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|ɰ|ɣ}}</big>
|tri'''g'''o; amar'''g'''o; si'''gu'''e; si'''g'''no <ref name="Approximant"/>
| '''[[ग़]]'''
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|ʝ}}</big>
|a'''y'''uno; po'''y'''o <ref name="Approximant"/>
| '''य''' अथवा '''[[झ़]]'''
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|k}}</big>
|'''c'''aña; la'''c'''a; '''qu'''ise; '''k'''ilo
| '''क'''
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|l}}</big>
|'''l'''ino; a'''l'''haja; principa'''l'''
| '''ल'''
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|ʎ}}</big>
|'''ll'''ave; po'''ll'''o <ref>In metropolitan areas of the Iberian Peninsula and some Central American countries, {{IPA|/ʎ/}} has merged into {{IPAslink|ʝ}}; the actual realization depends on dialect. In [[Rioplatense Spanish]], it has become {{IPAblink|ʃ}} or {{IPAblink|ʒ}}. See ''[[yeísmo]]'' and {{Harvcoltxt|Martínez-Celdrán|Fernández-Planas|Carrera-Sabaté|2003|p=258}} for more information.</ref>
| '''य'''
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|m}}</big>
|'''m'''adre; co'''m'''er; ca'''m'''po; co'''n'''vertir <ref name=nasal/>
| '''म'''
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|n}}</big>
|'''n'''ido; a'''n'''illo; a'''n'''helo; si'''n'''; álbu'''m''' <ref name=nasal>The [[nasal consonant]]s {{IPA|/n, m, ɲ/}} only contrast before vowels.  Before consonants, they assimilate to the consonant's [[place of articulation]].  This is partially reflected in the orthography.  Word-finally, only {{IPA|/n/}} occurs.</ref>
| '''न'''
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|ɲ}}</big>
|'''ñ'''andú; caba'''ñ'''a; e'''n'''yesar <ref name=nasal/>
| '''न्य''' (जैसे कि अ'''न्य''' में)
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|ŋ}}</big>
|ci'''n'''co; ve'''n'''ga; co'''n'''quista; e'''n'''jambre <ref name=nasal/>
| '''अं'''
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|p}}</big>
| '''p'''ozo; to'''p'''o
| '''प'''
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|r}}</big>
|'''r'''umbo; ca'''rr'''o; hon'''r'''a; sub'''r'''ayo; amo'''r''' <ref name=rhotic>The [[rhotic consonant]]s {{IPA|/ɾ/}} ‹r› and {{IPA|/r/}} ‹rr› only contrast between vowels. Otherwise, they are in [[complementary distribution]] as ‹r›, with {{IPAblink|r}} occurring word-initially, after {{IPA|/l/}}, {{IPA|/n/}}, and {{IPA|/s/}}, before consonants, and word-finally; {{IPAblink|ɾ}} is found elsewhere.</ref>
| '''र्र'''
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|ɾ}}
|ca'''r'''o; b'''r'''avo; amo'''r''' eterno </big> <ref name=rhotic/>
| '''र'''
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|s}}</big>
|'''s'''aco; ca'''s'''a; de'''s'''hora; e'''s'''pita<ref name=debuccalization>For [[Spanish dialects and varieties#Variants of /s/ and coda /s/ debuccalization|many speakers]], fricatives ({{IPA|/s/}}, {{IPA|/θ/}} and {{IPA|/x/}}) may [[debuccalization|debuccalize]] or [[Elision|be deleted]] in the [[syllable coda]] (at the end of words and before consonants); e.g. ''relo'''j''''' {{IPA|[reˈlo]}}.</ref> '''x'''enón
| '''स'''
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|θ}}</big>
|'''c'''ereal; en'''c'''ima; '''z'''orro; en'''z'''ima; pa'''z''' <ref>In Latin America, Canary Islands and some regions in Andalusia {{IPA|/θ/}} has merged into {{IPAslink|s}}. See ''[[seseo]]'' and {{Harvcoltxt|Martínez-Celdrán|Fernández-Planas|Carrera-Sabaté|2003|p=258}} for more information.</ref><ref name=debuccalization/>
| '''[[थ़]]'''
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|t̪|t}}</big>
| '''t'''amiz; á'''t'''omo
| '''त'''
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|tʃ}}</big>
|'''ch'''ubasco; ace'''ch'''ar
| '''च'''
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|x}}</big>
|'''j'''amón; e'''j'''e; relo'''j'''<ref name=debuccalization/> '''g'''eneral; Mé'''x'''ico 
| '''[[ख़]]'''
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|z}}</big>
|i'''s'''la; mi'''s'''mo; de'''s'''huesar <ref>Allophone of {{IPA|/s/}} before [[voiced consonant]]s.</ref><ref name=debuccalization/>
| '''स'''
|-
! colspan=3|Marginal phonemes<ref>The marginal phonemes are found in loanwords, largely from [[Basque language|Basque]], [[English language|English]], and [[Nahuatl language|Nahuatl]].</ref>
|-
! [[अधव]]
! उदाहरण !! निकटतम हिन्दी ध्वनि
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|ʃ}}</big>
|Kir'''ch'''ner; '''X'''elajú; '''sh'''erpa  <ref>In many dialects, {{IPA|/ʃ/}} is replaced by {{IPAblink|tʃ}} or {{IPAblink|s}}; e.g. '''''sh'''ow'' {{IPA|[tʃou]~[sou]}}.</ref>
| '''श'''
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|tɬ}}</big>
|'''tl'''apalería; cenzon'''tl'''e; Popocatépe'''tl'''
| '''त्ल''' (जैसे कि कत्ल में)
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|ts}}</big>
|Er'''tz'''ain'''tz'''a; aber'''tz'''ale; Pá'''tz'''cuaro
| '''त्स''' (जैसे कि वत्स में)
|}
| valign="top" | 
{| class="IPA wikitable"
!colspan=3| [[स्वर वर्ण|स्वर]]
|-
! [[अधव]]
! उदाहरण !! निकटतम हिन्दी ध्वनि
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|ä|a}}</big>
| '''a'''z'''a'''h'''a'''r
| '''आ'''
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|e̞|e}}</big>
| v'''e'''h'''e'''m'''e'''nt'''e'''
| '''[[ए]]'''<ref>The Spanish {{IPA|/e/}} doesn't quite line up with any English vowel, though the nearest equivalents are the vowel of ''pl'''ay''''' (for most English dialects) and the vowel of ''b'''e'''d''; the Spanish vowel is usually articulated at a point between the two.</ref>
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|i}}</big>
| d'''i'''m'''i'''t'''i'''r; m'''í'''o; '''y'''
| '''ई'''
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|o̞|o}}</big>
| b'''o'''sc'''o'''s'''o'''
| '''ओ'''<ref>The Spanish {{IPA|/o/}} doesn't quite line up with any English vowel, though the nearest equivalents are the vowel of ''c'''oa'''t'' (for most English dialects) and the vowel of ''r'''aw'''''; the Spanish vowel is usually articulated at a point between the two.</ref>
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|u}}</big>
| c'''u'''c'''u'''r'''u'''cho; d'''ú'''o
| '''ऊ'''
|-
| colspan="3" style="border-left: #fff solid 1px; border-right:  #fff solid 1px" | &nbsp;
|-
! colspan="3" | अर्धस्वर<ref name="Semivowel">In Spanish, the semivowels {{IPAblink|w}} and {{IPAblink|j}} can be combined with vowels to form [[rising diphthong]]s (e.g. ''c'''i'''elo'', ''c'''u'''adro''). [[Falling diphthong]]s though; e.g. ''a'''i'''re'', ''re'''y''''', ''a'''u'''to'', are transcribed with {{IPAslink|i}} and {{IPAslink|u}}.</ref>
|-
![[अधव]] !! उदाहरण  !! निकटतम हिन्दी ध्वनि
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|j}}</big>
|{{lang|es|al'''i'''ada; c'''i'''elo; ampl'''i'''o; c'''i'''udad}}
| '''य'''
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|w}}</big>
|{{lang|es|c'''u'''adro; f'''u'''ego; H'''u'''ila<ref>Some speakers may pronounce word initial {{IPA|[w]}} with an [[epenthesis|epenthetic]] {{IPA|/g/}}; e.g. ''H'''u'''ila'' {{IPA|[ˈgwila]~[ˈwila]}}.</ref> ard'''u'''o}}
| '''व'''
|-
| colspan="3" style="border-left: #fff solid 1px; border-right:  #fff solid 1px" | &nbsp;
|-
!colspan=3| [[:en:Stress (linguistics)|दबाव]] और [[:en:syllabification|अक्षरण]]
|-
! [[अधव]]
! उदाहरण !! निकटतम हिन्दी ध्वनि
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|ˈ}}</big>
| ciu'''dad''' {{IPA|[θjuˈðað]}} / {{IPA|[sjuˈðað]}}
| स्युदाद, जिसमें "दाद" अधिक बल से बोलिये
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPA|.}}</big>
| m'''ío''' {{IPA|[ˈmi.o]}}
| मिओ, जिसमें "म" हलका और "इओ" अधिक बल से बोलिये
|}
|}

==टिप्पणी==
: Other than in loanwords (e.g. '''''h'''ámster''; '''''h'''achís''; '''''h'''awaiano''), the letter ‹h› is always silent in Spanish except in a few dialects that retain it as {{IPAblink|h}} or {{IPAblink|x}} ('''''h'''alar'' / '''''j'''alar''; ''Sá'''h'''ara'').<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://buscon.rae.es/dpdI/SrvltGUIBusDPD?lema=h|title=Grapheme h |publisher=[[Real Academia Española]] |work=Diccionario panhispánico de dudas}}</ref>
{{reflist}}

==इन्हें भी देखें==
* [[Spanish phonology]]
* [[Spanish dialects and varieties]]
* [[History of the Spanish language]]

==सन्दर्भ==
*{{citation
|last = Martínez-Celdrán
|first= Eugenio 
|last2 = Fernández-Planas
|first2= Ana Ma.
|last3 = Carrera-Sabaté
|first3 = Josefina 
|year= 2003
|title=Castilian Spanish
|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association
|volume=33
|issue=2
|pages=255-259
}}

==External links==
{{External links|date=September 2010}}
*[http://www.uiowa.edu/~acadtech/phonetics/ Animations and video demonstrations of the IPA for Spanish] by The Departments of Spanish and Portuguese, German, Speech Pathology and Audiology, and Academic Technologies at the University of Iowa.

[[Category:Wikipedia IPA|Spanish]]