hiwiki:IPA for Romanian का स्रोत देखें

{{IPAkeys}}
The charts below show the way in which the [[International Phonetic Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)]] represents [[Romanian language]] pronunciations in Wikipedia articles.  

See [[Romanian phonology]] for a more thorough look at the sounds of Romanian and [[Romanian alphabet]] for the correspondence between spelling and pronunciation.

{| style="background: none"
|
| valign="top" |
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan=3 | [[Consonant]]s
|-
![[Help:IPA|IPA]] !! Examples || English approximation
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|b}}</big>
| '''b'''an || '''b'''oy
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|d}}</big>
| '''d'''op || '''d'''ay
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|d͡ʒ}}</big><ref name="affricate">The [[Affricate consonant|affricate]]s are correctly written with tie-bars: {{IPAblink|t͡s}}, {{IPAblink|t͡ʃ}}, {{IPAblink|d͡ʒ}}. As the tie-bars display incorrectly with some fonts, they are often omitted. However, these affricates contrast with the plosive-fricative sequences {{IPAblink|ts}}, {{IPAblink|tʃ}} and {{IPAblink|dʒ}}. Usually the spelling of the Romanian word indicates the pronunciation, with the affricates spelled ''ț, c, g'', with one letter, and the sequences ''ts, tș, dj'', with two, but this is not always the case, especially in personal names.</ref>
| '''g'''er 
|| '''j'''eep
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|f}}</big>
| '''f'''oc || '''f'''ace
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|ɡ}}</big>
| '''g'''ol, un'''gh'''ie || '''g'''ood
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|h}}</big>
| '''h'''orn || '''h'''at
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|k}}</big>
| '''c'''al, '''ch'''ip, '''k'''ilogram, '''q'''uasar || s'''k'''ip
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|l}}</big>
| '''l'''ună || '''l'''ove
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|m}}</big>
| '''m'''ic || '''m'''oon
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|n}}</big>
| '''n'''or || '''n'''ame
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|ŋ}}</big><ref>Not a separate phoneme, but an allophone of {{IPA|/n/}} before [[velar consonant|velars]].</ref>
| lu'''n'''g || lo'''ng'''
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|p}}</big>
| '''p'''as || s'''p'''an
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|r}}</big><ref>Intervocalic /r/ may be pronounced as a [[flap]] {{IPAblink|ɾ}}.</ref>
| '''r'''ac, ma'''r'''e
|| [[alveolar trill|trilled r]]
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|s}}</big>
| '''s'''are || '''s'''un
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|ʃ}}</big>
| '''ș'''arpe || '''sh'''ape
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|t}}</big>
| '''t'''are || s'''t'''op
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|t͡s}}</big><ref name="affricate"/>
| '''ț'''ară || ca'''ts'''
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|t͡ʃ}}<ref name="affricate"/>
| '''c'''er || '''ch'''est
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|v}}</big>
| '''v'''al, '''w'''att || '''v'''oice
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|z}}</big>
| '''z'''id || '''z'''one
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|ʒ}}</big>
| '''j'''ar || mea'''s'''ure
|-
! colspan=3 | Marginal consonants
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|ɲ}}</big>
| Sali'''gn'''y || ca'''ny'''on
|}
| valign="top" |
{| class="wikitable"
!colspan=3 | [[Vowel]]s
|-
![[Help:IPA|IPA]] !! Examples || English approximation
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|ä|a}}</big>
| '''a'''pă || f'''a'''ther
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|e̞|e}}</big><ref name="mid">The Romanian {{IPA|[e]}}, {{IPA|[o]}} and {{IPA|[ø]}} are in fact realized as mid vowels: {{IPA|[e̞]}}, {{IPA|[o̞]}}, {{IPA|[ø̞]}}. In phonetic transcriptions, however, the lowering diacritic is usually omitted for simplicity.</ref>
| '''e'''rou || pl'''ay''' ([[Yorkshire dialect]])
|-
|align="center"|<big>[[Mid-central vowel#Mid-central unrounded vowel|{{IPA|ə}}]]</big>
| român'''ă''' || '''a'''bout
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|i}}</big>
| '''i'''nel, m'''i'''e || b'''ee'''t
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|ɨ}}</big>
| '''î'''nspre, c'''â'''rnat/c'''î'''rnat || ros'''e'''s (for some [[IPA chart for English dialects|dialects]])
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|o̞|o}}</big><ref name="mid"></ref>
| '''o'''raș || c'''oa'''t ([[Yorkshire dialect]])
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|u}}</big>|| '''u'''da, d'''u'''al || s'''oo'''n
|-
!colspan=3 | Marginal vowels
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|ø̞|ø}}</big><ref name="mid"></ref>
| bl'''eu''', l'''oe'''ss || [[French language|French]] ''c'''eu'''x''
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|y}}</big>
| ecr'''u''', f'''ü'''rer || [[French language|French]] ''l'''u'''ne''
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|ɑ̃}}</big>
| H'''en'''ri || [[French language|French]] ''d'''an'''se''
|-
| colspan="3" style="border-left: #fff solid 1px; border-right:  #fff solid 1px" | &nbsp;
|-
! colspan="3" | [[Semivowel]]s</big><ref name="semivowels">The approximants {{IPA|/j/}} and {{IPA|/w/}} can appear before and after vowels, including the diphthongs {{IPA|/e̯a/}} and {{IPA|/o̯a/}}, in almost any combination.</ref>
|-
![[Help:IPA|IPA]] !! Examples  !! English approximation
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|j}}</big>
|'''i'''arnă, cre'''i'''oane, ra'''i''', '''y'''acht
|'''y'''ou or bo'''y'''
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|w}}</big>
| băcă'''u'''an, dulă'''u''', t'''w'''eeter
|'''w'''ine or co'''w'''
|-
! colspan="3" | [[Diphthong]]s</big><ref name="semivowels"/>
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPA|e̯a}}</big>
|b'''e'''ată
|[[non-syllabic|short]] {{IPAblink|e̞|e}} followed by full {{IPAblink|ä|a}}
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPA|e̯o}}</big>
|vr'''e'''o
|[[non-syllabic|short]] {{IPAblink|e̞|e}} followed by full {{IPAblink|o̞|o}}
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPA|o̯a}}</big>
|f'''o'''arte, gă'''o'''ace
|[[non-syllabic|short]] {{IPAblink|o̞|o}} followed by full {{IPAblink|ä|a}}
|-
| colspan="3" style="border-left: #fff solid 1px; border-right:  #fff solid 1px" | &nbsp;
|-
!colspan=3| Other symbols
|-
! [[Help:IPA|IPA]]
! Examples !! Explanation
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|ˈ}}</big>
| ''dulău'' {{IPA|[duˈləw]}}
| [[Stress (linguistics)|Main stress]] (placed before the stressed syllable)
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|ˌ}}</big>
| ''extraordinar'' {{IPA|[ˌekstra.ordiˈnar]}}
| [[Secondary stress]]
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPA|.}}</big>
| ''mie'' {{IPA|[ˈmi.e]}}
| Syllable marker, generally used between vowels in [[hiatus (linguistics)|hiatus]]
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|ʲ}}</big>
| ''rupi'' {{IPA|[ˈrupʲ]}}
| [[Palatalization]] (placed after the palatalized consonant)
|}
|}

==Notes==
<references/>

==See also==
*[[Wikipedia:IPA]]
* [[Romanian phonology]]
* [[History of the Romanian language]]

==References==
*{{citation
|last=Chițoran
|first=Ioana
|year=2001
|title=The Phonology of Romanian: A Constraint-based Approach
|place=Berlin & New York
|publisher=Mouton de Gruyter
|isbn=3110167662
}}

[[Category:Wikipedia IPA|Romanian]]