hiwiki:IPA for Japanese का स्रोत देखें

{{IPAkeys}}
The charts below show the way in which the [[International Phonetic Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)]] represents [[Japanese language]] and [[Ryukyuan languages|Okinawan]] pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. Sounds occurring only as allophones are included for narrow transcription.

See [[Japanese phonology]] for a more thorough discussion of the sounds of Japanese.

Examples in the charts are Japanese words transliterated according to the [[Hepburn romanization]] system.

{| style="background:none;"
| valign="top" | 
{| class="IPA wikitable" style="margin: 1em; text-align: center;"
! colspan="3"| [[Consonant]]s
|-
! IPA !! Japanese example !! English approximation
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|b}}</big>
| align="left"| '''b'''asho || '''b'''og
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|ç}}</big>
| align="left"| '''h'''ito || '''h'''ero
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|ɕ}}</big>
| align="left"| '''sh'''ita, '''sh'''ugo || '''sh'''eep
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|d}}</big>
| align="left"| '''d'''ōmo || '''d'''ome
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|dz}}, {{IPAlink|z}}</big><ref name=z>The fricative {{IPAblink|z}}~{{IPAblink|ʑ}} is in free variation with the affricate {{IPAblink|dz}}~{{IPAblink|dʑ}}. Usually, this is represented phonemically as {{IPA|/z/}}.</ref>
| align="left"| '''z'''a'''z'''en || '''z'''en, ro'''ds'''
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|dʑ}}, {{IPAlink|ʑ}}</big><ref name=z/>
| align="left"| '''j'''ibun, go'''j'''ū || '''g'''elatin, fu'''s'''ion
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|ɸ}}</big>
| align="left"| '''f'''ugu || '''f'''ood <br />(lips don't touch teeth, more like blowing out a candle)
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|ɡ}}</big>
| align="left"| '''g'''akusei || '''g'''ape
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|h}}</big>
| align="left"| '''h'''on || '''h'''one
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|j}}</big>
| align="left"| '''y'''akusha, k'''y'''ū || '''y'''ak
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|k}}</big>
| align="left"| '''k'''uru || s'''k'''ate
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|m}}</big>
| align="left"| '''m'''ikan || '''m'''uch
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|n}}</big>
| align="left"| '''n'''attō || '''n'''ot
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|ɴ}}</big>
| align="left"| niho'''n''' || lo'''ng'''
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|ŋ}}</big>
| align="left"| ri'''n'''go || fi'''n'''ger
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|p}}</big>
| align="left"| '''p'''an || s'''p'''an
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|ɽ}}</big><ref>The Japanese ''r'' varies between a postalveolar flap {{IPAblink|ɽ}} and an alveolar lateral flap {{IPAblink|ɺ}}.</ref>
| align="left"| '''r'''oku || close to /t/ in ''au'''t'''o'' in [[American English]],<br />or between '''l'''ock and Scottish '''r'''ock ({{IPAblink|l}} and {{IPAblink|ɾ}}).
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|s}}</big>
| align="left"| '''s'''uru || '''s'''ue
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|t}}</big>
| align="left"| '''t'''aberu || '''t'''an
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|ts}}</big>
| align="left"| '''ts'''unami || ca'''ts'''
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|tɕ}}</big>
| align="left"| '''ch'''ikai, kin'''ch'''ō || i'''tch'''
|-
|<big> w͍</big><ref>The Japanese ''w'' is not equivalent to a typical IPA {{IPAblink|w}} since it is pronounced with lip compression rather than rounding. The labial spreading diacritic is an [[Extensions to the IPA|extended IPA]] character.</ref>
| align="left"| '''w'''asabi || '''w'''as
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|ʔ}}</big>
| align="left" | (in [[Ryukyuan languages|Ryukyu languages]]) || oh-oh!
|-
|}
| valign="top" |
{| class="IPA wikitable" style="margin: 1em 2em; text-align: center;" 
! colspan="3"| [[Vowel]]s
|-
! IPA !! Japanese example !! English approximation
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|a}}</big>
| align="left"| '''a'''ru || f'''a'''ther
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|e}}</big>
| align="left"| '''e'''ki || m'''e'''t<ref>The Japanese {{IPA|/e/}} doesn't quite line up with any English vowel, though the nearest equivalents are the vowel of ''pay'' (for most English dialects) and the vowel of ''met''; the Japanese vowel is usually articulated at a point between the two.</ref>
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|i}}</big>
| align="left"| '''i'''ru || n'''ee'''d 
|-
|<big> i̥</big>
| align="left"| yosh'''i''', sh'''i'''ta || (almost silent)
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|o}}</big>
| align="left"| '''o'''niisan || c'''o'''ld
|-
|<big> u͍</big><ref name=u>There is no simple symbol in the IPA for Japanese ''u,'' which is neither rounded {{IPAblink|u}} nor unrounded {{IPAblink|ɯ}}, but [[roundedness|compressed]] {{IPA|[ɯ͡β̞]}}. The labial spreading diacritic is an [[Extensions to the IPA|extended IPA]] character.</ref>
| align="left"| '''u'''nagi || closest to b'''oo'''t
|-
|<big> u͍̥</big><ref name=u/>
| align="left"| des'''u''', s'''u'''kiyaki || (almost silent)
|}
<br />
{| class="IPA wikitable" style="margin: 1em 2em; text-align: center;" 
! colspan="3"| [[IPA#Suprasegmentals|Suprasegmentals]]
|-
! IPA !! Japanese examples !! English examples
|-
| rowspan="2" | <big> ː</big>
| align="left"| long vowel:<br />oj'''ii'''san || r'''e-e'''qualize
|-
| align="left"| double consonant:<br />se'''pp'''uku || bi'''g g'''ram (compare bi'''g''' ram)
|-
|<big> ꜜ</big>
| align="left"| tone drops:
kaꜜki (oyster), kakiꜜ (fence)<ref>The position of this [[downstep]], which does not occur in all words, varies between dialects, and frequently is not indicated. The downstep is a drop in pitch; the word rises in pitch before the {{IPA|ꜜ}}. When {{IPA|ꜜ}} occurs after the final syllable of a word, any attached grammatical particles will have low tone.</ref>
|}
|}

== Notes ==
<references/>

[[श्रेणी:Wikipedia IPA|Japanese]]