hiwiki:IPA for Burmese का स्रोत देखें

{{IPAkeys}}
The charts below show the way in which the [[International Phonetic Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)]] represents [[Burmese language]] pronunciations in Wikipedia articles.

See [[Burmese language#Phonology]] for a more thorough discussion of the sounds of Burmese.

{| style="background:none;"
| valign=top | 
{| class="IPA wikitable" style="margin: 1em; text-align: center;"
! colspan=3| [[Consonant]]s
|-
! IPA !! Burmese example !! Approximate English equivalent
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|b}}</big>
| align=left| {{my|ဘဲ}} {{IPA|['''b'''ɛ́]}} || '''b'''at
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|d}}</big>
| align=left| {{my|ဓာတ်}} {{IPA|['''d'''aʔ]}} || '''d'''ye
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|dʑ}}</big>
| align=left| {{my|ဂျင်}} {{IPA|['''dʑ'''ɪ̀ɴ]}} || '''J'''ew
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|ð}}</big>
| align=left| {{my|အညာသား}} {{IPA|[ʔəɲà'''ð'''á]}}<ref>An allophone of {{IPA|/θ/}}, not a distinct phoneme.</ref> || '''th'''is
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|ɡ}}</big>
| align=left| {{my|ဂုဏ်}} {{IPA|['''ɡ'''òuɴ]}} || '''g'''ate
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|h}}</big>
| align=left| {{my|ဟုတ်}} {{IPA|['''h'''ouʔ]}} || '''h'''one
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|j}}</big>
| align=left| {{my|ယား}} {{IPA|['''j'''á]}} || '''y'''ield
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|k}}</big>
| align=left| {{my|ကုန်}} {{IPA|['''k'''òuɴ]}} || s'''k'''ate<ref name=unasp />
|-
|<big>kʰ</big>
| align=left| {{my|ခုန်}} {{IPA|['''kʰ'''òuɴ]}} || '''K'''ate<ref name=asp />
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|l}}</big>
| align=left| {{my|လုပ်}} {{IPA|['''l'''ouʔ]}} || '''l'''ay
|-
|<big>{{IPA|l̥}}</big>
| align=left| {{my|လှုပ်}} {{IPA|['''l̥'''ouʔ]}} || p'''l'''ay; ''like'' {{IPA|/l/}} ''but [[voiceless]]''
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|m}}</big>
| align=left| {{my|မတ်}} {{IPA|['''m'''aʔ]}} || '''m'''uch
|-
|<big>{{IPA|m̥}}</big>
| align=left| {{my|မှတ်}} {{IPA|['''m̥'''aʔ]}} || ''None; like'' {{IPA|/m/}} ''but [[voiceless]]''
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|n}}</big>
| align=left| {{my|နမ်း}} {{IPA|['''n'''áɴ]}} || '''n'''ot
|-
|<big>{{IPA|n̥}}</big>
| align=left| {{my|နှမ်း}} {{IPA|['''n̥'''áɴ]}} || ''None; like'' {{IPA|/n/}} ''but [[voiceless]]''
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|ɴ}}</big>
| align=left| {{my|ခံ}} {{IPA|[kʰa'''ɴ''']}} || law'''n''' ''or'' lo'''ng''''', but without a complete closure between the tongue and the roof of the mouth''<ref>The vowel before the {{IPA|/ɴ/}} is always [[nasalized]], and if a consonant follows {{IPA|/ɴ/}}, then the {{IPA|/ɴ/}} becomes [[homorganic]] with the following consonant.</ref>
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|ɲ}}</big>
| align=left| {{my|ညစ်}} {{IPA|['''ɲ'''ɪʔ]}} || ca'''ny'''on
|-
|<big>{{IPA|ɲ̥}}</big>
| align=left| {{my|ညှစ်}} {{IPA|['''ɲ̥'''ɪʔ]}} || ''None; like'' {{IPA|/ɲ/}}, ''but [[voiceless]]''
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|ŋ}}</big>
| align=left| {{my|ငါး}} {{IPA|['''ŋ'''á]}} || si'''ng'''
|-
|<big>{{IPA|ŋ̊}}</big>
| align=left| {{my|ငှါး}} {{IPA|['''ŋ̊'''á]}} || ''None; like'' {{IPA|/ŋ/}}, ''but [[voiceless]]''
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|p}}</big>
| align=left| {{my|ပဲ}} {{IPA|['''p'''ɛ́]}} || s'''p'''at<ref name=unasp>[[Unaspirated]], like {{IPA|/p t k/}} etc. in Romance or Slavic languages.</ref>
|-
|<big>{{IPA|pʰ}}</big>
| align=left| {{my|ဖဲ}} {{IPA|['''pʰ'''ɛ́]}} || '''p'''at<ref name=asp>Heavily [[Aspiration (phonetics)|aspirated]].</ref>
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|ɹ}}</big>
| align=left| {{my|အမရပူရ}} {{IPA|[ʔəmə'''ɹ'''a̰pù'''ɹ'''a̰]}}<ref>A marginal consonant in Burmese, {{IPA|/ɹ/}} occurs only in foreign words, and even there is often replaced by {{IPA|/j/}} or {{IPA|/l/}}.</ref> || '''r'''ock
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|s}}</big>
| align=left| {{my|စာ}} {{IPA|['''s'''à]}} || cat'''s'''<ref>Much shorter than the English {{IPA|/s/}} in ''<u>S</u>ue''.</ref>
|-
|<big>{{IPA|sʰ}}</big>
| align=left| {{my|ဆာ}} {{IPA|['''sʰ'''à]}} || gra'''ss h'''ut<ref name=asp />
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|ʃ}}</big>
| align=left| {{my|ရှာ}} {{IPA|['''ʃ'''à]}} || '''sh'''oe
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|t}}</big>
| align=left| {{my|တတ်}} {{IPA|['''t'''aʔ]}} || s'''t'''y<ref name=unasp />
|-
|<big>{{IPA|tʰ}}</big>
| align=left| {{my|ထပ်}} {{IPA|['''tʰ'''aʔ]}} || '''t'''ie<ref name=asp />
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|tɕ}}</big>
| align=left| {{my|ကြဉ်}} {{IPA|['''tɕ'''ɪ̀ɴ]}} || i'''tch'''<ref name=unasp />
|-
|<big>{{IPA|tɕʰ}}</big>
| align=left| {{my|ချင်}} {{IPA|['''tɕʰ'''ɪ̀ɴ]}} || '''ch'''ew<ref name=asp />
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|θ}}</big>
| align=left| {{my|သတ်}} {{IPA|['''θ'''aʔ]}} || '''th'''in
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|w}}</big>
| align=left| {{my|ဝါး}} {{IPA|['''w'''á]}} || '''w'''ield
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|z}}</big>
| align=left| {{my|ဇာ}} {{IPA|['''z'''à]}} || '''z'''oo
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|ʔ}}</big>
| align=left| {{my|အုတ်}} {{IPA|['''ʔ'''ou'''ʔ''']}} || '''_'''uh-'''_'''oh<ref>The [[glottal stop]], which may also be heard instead of {{IPA|/t/}} in some varieties of English in words like ''bu<u>tt</u>on'' {{IPA|[ˈbʌʔn̩]}}.</ref>
|}
| valign=top |
{| class="IPA wikitable" style="margin: 1em 2em; text-align: center;" 
! colspan=3| [[Vowel]]s
|-
! IPA !! Burmese examples !! Approximate English equivalent
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|a}}</big>
| align=left| {{my|နား}} {{IPA|[n'''á''']}} || f'''a'''ther
|-
|<big>{{IPA|ai}}</big>
| align=left| {{my|နိုင်}} {{IPA|[n'''ài'''ɴ]}} || m'''igh'''t
|-
|<big>{{IPA|au}}</big>
| align=left| {{my|နောက်}} {{IPA|[n'''au'''ʔ]}} || m'''ou'''th<ref name=allophone>The sounds {{IPA|[au]}}, {{IPA|[ei]}}, {{IPA|[ɪ]}}, {{IPA|[ou]}}, and {{IPA|[ʊ]}} are allophones of {{IPA|/ɔ/}}, {{IPA|/e/}}, {{IPA|/i/}}, {{IPA|/o/}}, and {{IPA|/u/}} respectively, occurring in [[closed syllable]]s, i.e. before {{IPA|/ɴ/}} and {{IPA|/ʔ/}}.</ref>
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|e}}</big>
| align=left| {{my|နေ}} {{IPA|[n'''è''']}} || ''Scottish English'' m'''a'''te
|-
|<big>{{IPA|ei}}</big>
| align=left| {{my|နိပ်}} {{IPA|[n'''ei'''ʔ]}} || m'''ay'''<ref name=allophone />
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|ɛ}}</big>
| align=left| {{my|နယ်}} {{IPA|[n'''ɛ̀''']}} || m'''e'''t
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|ə}}</big>
| align=left| {{my|ခလုတ်}} {{IPA|[kʰ'''ə'''louʔ]}} || comm'''a'''
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|i}}</big>
| align=left| {{my|နီး}} {{IPA|[n'''í''']}} || m'''ee'''t
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|ɪ}}</big>
| align=left| {{my|နင်း}} {{IPA|[n'''ɪ́'''ɴ]}} || m'''i'''t<ref name=allophone />
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|o}}</big>
| align=left| {{my|နို့}} {{IPA|[n'''o̰''']}} || ''Scottish English'' n'''o'''te
|-
|<big>{{IPA|ou}}</big>
| align=left| {{my|နုန်း}} {{IPA|[n'''óu'''ɴ]}} || m'''ow'''<ref name=allophone />
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|ɔ}}</big>
| align=left| {{my|နော်}} {{IPA|[n'''ɔ̀''']}} || b'''ough'''t
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|u}}</big>
| align=left| {{my|နှူး}} {{IPA|[n̥'''ú''']}} || m'''oo'''t
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|ʊ}}</big>
| align=left| {{my|နွမ်း}} {{IPA|[n'''ʊ́'''ɴ]}} || f'''oo'''t<ref name=allophone />
|}

{| class="IPA wikitable" style="margin: 1em 2em; text-align: center;" 
! colspan=3| [[Tone (linguistics)|Tones]]
|-
! IPA !! Burmese examples !! Explanation
|-
|<big>`</big>
| align=left| {{my|ငါ}} {{IPA|[ŋà]}} || Normal [[phonation]], medium duration, low intensity, low (often slightly rising) pitch
|-
|<big>´</big>
| align=left| {{my|ငါး}} {{IPA|[ŋá]}} || Sometimes slightly [[breathy voice|breathy]], relatively long, high intensity, high pitch; often with a fall before a pause
|-
|<big>˷</big>
| align=left| {{my|ငါ့}} {{IPA|[ŋa̰]}} || [[Tenseness|Tense]] or [[creaky voice|creaky]] phonation (sometimes with lax [[glottal stop]]), medium duration, high intensity, high (often slightly falling) pitch
|}
|}

==Notes==
{{Burmese characters}}
<references/> 

[[Category:Wikipedia IPA|Burmese]]