साँचा:split-apart
"Hebrew" may refer either to Modern Israeli Hebrew, classical languages such as Biblical or Mishnaic Hebrew, or to various pronunciation traditions used in liturgical settings.
Modern Hebrew
The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Modern/Israeli Hebrew language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. Since Modern Hebrew has both non-Oriental and Oriental pronunciation, certain letters may be transcribed differently depending on the background of the speaker.
See Hebrew phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Hebrew.
- Note: An image of the chart is also available.
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| IPA |
Letter(s) |
English approximate |
Romanization
|
| साँचा:square bracket openघोष द्वयोष्ठ्य स्पर्श|b]]साँचा:yesno
|
בּ (Bet)
|
but, web
|
b
|
| साँचा:square bracket openvoiced alveolar plosive|d]]साँचा:yesno
|
ד (Dalet)
|
dark, odd
|
d
|
| साँचा:square bracket openvoiced palato-alveolar affricate|dʒ]]साँचा:yesno[१]
|
ג׳ (Gimel with geresh)
|
gin, joy, edge
|
साँचा:unicode or j
|
| साँचा:square bracket openvoiceless labiodental fricative|f]]साँचा:yesno
|
פ ף (Fei)
|
fool, enough, leaf
|
f or साँचा:unicode
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| साँचा:square bracket openvoiced velar plosive|ɡ]]साँचा:yesno
|
ג (Gimel)
|
go, get, beg
|
g
|
| साँचा:square bracket openvoiceless glottal fricative|h]]साँचा:yesno
|
ה (Hei)
|
hen
|
h
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| साँचा:square bracket openvoiceless pharyngeal fricative|ħ]]साँचा:yesno[२]
|
ח (Chet)
|
as in Arabic Hussein, pronounced by Oriental Hebrew speakers
|
साँचा:unicode or ch
|
| साँचा:square bracket openpalatal approximant|j]]साँचा:yesno
|
י (Yud)
|
yes
|
y
|
| साँचा:square bracket openvoiceless velar plosive|k]]साँचा:yesno
|
כּ (Kaph)
|
skin, skip
|
k
|
| साँचा:square bracket openalveolar lateral approximant|l]]साँचा:yesno
|
ל (Lamed)
|
left
|
l
|
| साँचा:square bracket openbilabial nasal|m]]साँचा:yesno
|
מ ם (Mem)
|
man, tam
|
m
|
| साँचा:square bracket openवर्त्स्य नासिक्य|n]]साँचा:yesno
|
נ ן (Nun)
|
no, tin
|
n
|
| साँचा:square bracket openअघोष द्वयोष्ठ्य स्पर्श|p]]साँचा:yesno
|
פּ (Pei)
|
speak, spin
|
p
|
| साँचा:square bracket openvoiceless uvular plosive|q]]साँचा:yesno[२]
|
ק (Qoph)
|
as qāḍī in Literary Arabic, but in Modern Hebrew, normally pronounced as skin
|
q or k
|
| साँचा:square bracket openvoiced uvular fricative|ʁ]]साँचा:yesno[३]
|
ר (Resh)
|
(guttural R) (Rhotic
consonant) ex. run
|
r
|
| साँचा:square bracket openvoiceless alveolar sibilant|s]]साँचा:yesno
|
ס (Samech)
שׂ (Sin)
|
see, city, pass
|
s
|
| साँचा:square bracket openअघोष पश्वर्त्स्य संघर्षी|ʃ]]साँचा:yesno
|
שׁ (Shin)
|
she, sure, emotion, leash
|
साँचा:unicode or sh
|
| साँचा:square bracket openvoiceless alveolar plosive|t]]साँचा:yesno
|
ט (Tet)
ת (Tav)
|
sting, stick, start
|
t
|
| साँचा:square bracket openvoiceless alveolar affricate|ts]]साँचा:yesno[१]
|
צ ץ (Tsadi)
תס (Tav-Samech)
תשׂ (Tav-Sin)
|
tsunami, pizza, cats
|
ts (or tz)
|
| साँचा:square bracket openvoiceless palato-alveolar affricate|tʃ]]साँचा:yesno[१]
|
צ׳ (Tsadi with geresh)
|
chair, nature, teach
|
साँचा:unicode or ch
|
| साँचा:square bracket openvoiced labiodental fricative|v]]साँचा:yesno
|
ב (Vet)
ו (Vav)
וו (double Vav)
|
voice, have
|
v or साँचा:unicode/w
|
| साँचा:square bracket openvoiced labio-velar approximant|w]]साँचा:yesno[४]
|
וו (double Vav)
ו (Vav)
|
we
|
w
|
| साँचा:square bracket openvoiceless uvular fricative|χ]]साँचा:yesno
|
ח (Chet)[२]
כ ך (Chaph)
|
Similar to Scottish loch
|
साँचा:unicode/साँचा:unicode or ch/kh
|
| साँचा:square bracket openvoiced alveolar sibilant|z]]साँचा:yesno
|
ז (Zayin)
|
zoo, rose
|
z
|
| साँचा:square bracket openघोष पश्वर्त्स्य संघर्षी|ʒ]]साँचा:yesno
|
ז׳ (Zayin with geresh)
|
pleasure, beige
|
साँचा:unicode
|
| साँचा:square bracket openglottal stop|ʔ]]साँचा:yesno
|
א (Aleph)
ע (Ayin)[२]
|
uh-(साँचा:unicode)oh
|
ʼ or '
|
| साँचा:square bracket openvoiced pharyngeal fricative|ʕ]]साँचा:yesno[२]
|
ע (Ayin)
|
as in Arabic ʿAbdallah, pronounced by Oriental Hebrew speakers
|
ʻ or '
|
|
|
|
| IPA
|
Letter(s)
|
English approximate
|
Romanization
|
| साँचा:square bracket openopen central unrounded vowel|ä]]साँचा:yesno
|
ָ (Kamatz),  (Patach)
|
father
|
a
|
| साँचा:square bracket openmid front unrounded vowel|e̞]]साँचा:yesno
|
 (Zeire),  (Segol),  (Shva)
|
bed, head, said
|
e
|
| साँचा:square bracket openclose front unrounded vowel|i]]साँचा:yesno
|
י (Hiriq-Yud), (Hiriq)
|
city, see, ski, leaf
|
i
|
| साँचा:square bracket openmid back rounded vowel|o̞]]साँचा:yesno
|
ֹ (Holam alone), וֹ (with any mater lectionis)
|
story
|
o
|
| साँचा:square bracket openclose back rounded vowel|u]]साँचा:yesno
|
וּ (Vav with shuruk),  (Kubutz)
|
soon, through
|
u
|
|
IPA: Other symbols used in transcription of Hebrew pronunciation
|
| IPA |
Explanation
|
| साँचा:square bracket openstress (linguistics)|ˈ]]साँचा:yesno
|
Primary stress (placed before the stressed syllable), e.g. אֹכֶל food /ˈʔoχel/, אוֹכֵל eating (participle) /ʔoˈχel/
|
| साँचा:square bracket opensecondary stress|ˌ]]साँचा:yesno
|
Secondary stress, e.g. הֲאֻמְנָם? oh really? /ˌhaʔumˈnam/
|
| साँचा:square bracket openlength (phonetics)|ː]]साँचा:yesno
|
Long vowels (in Tiberian Hebrew) can be transcribed using the IPA gemination sign ː, e.g. the word hand would be יָד /jaːd/ in absolute state and יַד־ /jad/ in construct state.[५] Indicating normative consonant gemination is done with a double consonant, e.g. גַּנָּב a thief /ɡanˈnav/ not /ɡaˈnːav/
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Notes
साँचा:reflist
See also
External links
साँचा:Hebrew language
- ↑ अ आ इ /dʒ, ts, tʃ/ are officially written with a tie-bar in the IPA /d͡ʒ, t͡s, t͡ʃ/, respectively. The tie-bar is omitted for simplification.
- ↑ अ आ इ ई उ In Modern Israeli Hebrew, /ħ, ʕ, q/ merged with /χ, ʔ, k/, respectively, while /ħ, ʕ/ are still distinguished by Oriental Hebrew speakers.
- ↑ /ʁ/ is uvular for most speakers, though some speakers, mostly Orientals, retain an alveolar pronunciation: [r]~[ɾ].
- ↑ In Modern Israeli Hebrew, /w/ is rare and only appears in a few loanwords. Usually it is approximated to [v] and written וו intervocalically.
- ↑ Vowel length and quality in Tiberian Hebrew is a matter of debate; this is just one possible example
