साँचा:Vcite journal/doc

मुक्त ज्ञानकोश विकिपीडिया से
नेविगेशन पर जाएँ खोज पर जाएँ

{{ 

 साँचा:namespace detect

| type = notice | image = | imageright = | class = | style = margin-bottom:1.0em; | textstyle = | text = साँचा:strong for साँचा:terminate sentence
It contains usage information, categories and other content that is not part of the original साँचा page. | small = | smallimage = | smallimageright = | smalltext = | subst = | date = | name = }}

साँचा:nutshell

These templates format citations to sources. They have the following major variants:

These templates can be used in Wikipedia footnotes and in article sections that list sources. They generally follow the Vancouver system as specified by the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM).[१] For performance reasons they do not generate COinS metadata (see Rationale below); otherwise, they act much like साँचा:tl, साँचा:tl, etc.

Usage

See Examples below for filled-out examples.

Common parameters

Entire book (see example)
{{vcite book |

author= | chapter= | title= | publisher= | date= | isbn= | pages= }}

Contribution to a book (see example)
{{vcite book |

author= | chapter= | editor= | title= | publisher= | date= | isbn= | pages= }}

Journal article (see example)
{{vcite journal |

author= | title= | journal= | date= | volume= | issue= | pages= | url= | doi= | pmid= | pmc= }}

News article (see example)
{{vcite news |

author= | title= | url= | work= | date= }}

Web page (see example)
{{vcite web |

author= | home= | title= | url= | date= | accessdate= }}

All main parameters

The core templates have names starting with vcite, such as साँचा:tl. Each such template has a variant whose name starts with vancite, such as साँचा:tl, which supports some extra parameters for backward compatibility, but is slower and more complicated.

Book (see example)
{{vcite book |

author= | author.= | chapter= | chapter.= | trans_chapter= | chapterurl= | chapterformat= | editor= | title= | title.= | trans_title= | url= | contenttype= | format= | editionphrase= | editionphrase.= | secondaryauthor= | volumephrase= | volumetitle= | volumepagination= | location= | publisher= | date= | update= | accessdate= | pagination= | physicaldescription= | serieseditor= | series= | seriesvolumephrase= | language= | doi= | doi_brokendate= | id= | isbn= | oclc= | quote= | laysummary= | laysource= | laydate= | notes= | chapterid= | chapterupdate= | chapteraccessdate= | pages= | at= | chapterlanguage= | harvid= | ref= }}

Journal article (see example)
{{vcite journal |

author= | author.= | title= | title.= | trans_title= | articletype= | journal= | journal.= | edition= | journalformat= | date= | update= | archiveurl= | archivedate= | accessdate= | volume= | issue= | pages= | language= | url= | format= | doi= | doi_brokendate= | id= | pmid= | pmc= | bibcode= | quote= | laysummary= | laysource= | laydate= | notes= | partid= | parttitle= | parttitle.= | trans_parttitle= | partp= | parturl= | harvid= | ref= }}

News article (see example)
{{vcite news |

author= | author.= | title= | title.= | trans_title= | url= | format= | work= | work.= | location= | edition= | workformat= | date= | update= | archiveurl= | archivedate= | accessdate= | sectionphrase= | section= | pages= | column= | language= | agency= | publisher= | id= | quote= | notes= | harvid= | ref= }}

Web page (see example)
{{vcite web |

author= | author.= | home= | home.= | trans_home= | homeurl= | homeformat= | homeeditionphrase= | homeeditionphrase.= | homeedition= | secondaryauthor= | location= | publisher= | homedate= | homeupdate= | homeaccessdate= | homelanguage= | homenotes= | format= | title= | trans_title= | url= | date= | update= | archiveurl= | archivedate= | accessdate= | pages= | size= | language= | id= | quote= | notes= | harvid= | ref= }}

Terminology

article
an individual article or document within a journal or newspaper
book
an entire major published work
chapter
a single part of or contribution to a book: this might be a chapter, or some other part such as an appendix, figure, or table
journal
academic journal, magazine, or any other archival periodical publication
newspaper
a newspaper or any similar periodical publication
web page
a web page that is not part of a book, journal, or newspaper. When citing a web page, it is important to identify the source. At the very least this should include an author; when possible, it should also include the publisher or homepage of the web site in question. For example, when citing comments by Professor X at the web page http://www.example.edu/~professorx/study/comments.html it's good practice to also cite the title of Professor X's homepage, which you might find by consulting http://www.example.edu/~professorx/index.html.

Parameters

साँचा:para
Date the URL (see साँचा:para) was last accessed and checked;[२][३] see

Dates. This parameter is intended to be used for websites that typically change pages after they are published; it is not normally needed for websites that do not typically change published pages, such as pages in archival journals.

साँचा:para
The news agency that distributed the article, as in साँचा:xt or साँचा:xt.
साँचा:para
Date the resource was archived as described under साँचा:para; see

Dates.

साँचा:para
The URL of an archived copy of the resource identified by साँचा:para, if (or in case) the original resource is unavailable. This is typically used to refer to services like WebCite and the Internet Archive.
साँचा:para
The type of journal article. This should be omitted for standard articles. When specified, the most common values are साँचा:xt and साँचा:xt; other values include साँचा:xt, साँचा:xt, and साँचा:xt.[४]
साँचा:para
The location in a book of the chapter or part being identified. By convention, use साँचा:para if the location is a page or range of pages, and use साँचा:para if the location is something else, such as साँचा:xt.[५]
साँचा:para
Author or authors of the resource. See

Authors.

For साँचा:tl, if साँचा:para is also given this is assumed to be the author of the chapter,[६] otherwise of the book.[७] If the entire book has both authors and other contributors, such as editors or translators, list the latter under साँचा:para. If the entire book has no listed authors, but only editors or other contributors, list them here and omit साँचा:para. If a chapter is being cited but it is not by different authors or editors than the entire book, list the contributors here and omit साँचा:para.
साँचा:para
If Author(s) ends in a period (.), specify an empty साँचा:para parameter to suppress any duplicate periods in the output.
साँचा:para
The journal article's bibcode in the Astrophysics Data System, as in साँचा:xt.
साँचा:para
Title of the part of the book being cited; often this is a chapter title.[८] See

Titles. If the title is in a foreign language, put its English translation in साँचा:para.

साँचा:para
If Chapter title ends in a question mark or exclamation point, specify an empty साँचा:para parameter to suppress the period that normally follows the chapter.
साँचा:para
Date the chapter's URL (see साँचा:para) was last accessed and checked;[९] see

Dates.

साँचा:para
The format of the resource that साँचा:para links to. Specify साँचा:xt for Portable Document Format. Omit if the article is published in HTML or XHTML. This is an extension to the NLM Vancouver style; it is added here because Wikipedia articles are commonly hyperlinked, whereas the NLM style is purely text.
साँचा:para
Identification for the chapter, as in साँचा:xt.[१०]
साँचा:para
The language of the chapter, if not English.[११] This need not be given if it is the same as साँचा:para.
साँचा:para
The uncapitalized word for updated that was used by the source, followed by the date the chapter was updated or revised, as in साँचा:xt or साँचा:xt.[१२] See

Dates. This need not be given if it is the same as साँचा:para.

साँचा:para
URL of the chapter. This should point to a freely readable version of the full text. If the full text is not freely readable, give this parameter only if the book has no other identification such as साँचा:para. When giving this parameter, also give साँचा:para unless the URL is known to be stable.
साँचा:para
The column number the newspaper article started in, as in साँचा:xt.[१३]
साँचा:para
The type of book, if it is not a standard book. Possible values include साँचा:xt, साँचा:xt, and साँचा:xt.[१४]
साँचा:para
Date of publication; see

Dates.

  • For book publication dates it is often simplest to specify just the year, even if a more precise date is known, as a too-precise publication date may distract the reader with useless and even misleading information when a source is written well before its official publication date.
  • For journals, the month and day are optional unless साँचा:para and साँचा:para are both missing. For journal publication dates it is often simplest to specify just the year, even if a more precise date is known, as a too-precise publication date may distract the reader with useless and even misleading information when a source is written well before its official publication date.
  • For newspapers it is best to give the full date.[१५]
  • For web pages, omit this if it is the same as साँचा:para.[१६]
साँचा:para
A digital object identifier for the chapter, book, or journal article, such as साँचा:xt.
साँचा:para
The most recent date that DOI was checked and found to be not working; see

Dates. This can happen when a publication is transferred to a new publisher which does not provide DOI access. DOI is still shown, but without a link, and the article is placed in Category:Pages with DOIs broken since YYYY, where YYYY }} is the date's year.

साँचा:para
The edition or version being cited, if the source is published in more than one edition.
साँचा:para
For books, a complete phrase specifying the edition or version being cited, if the book is published in more than one. In the NLM Vancouver style this uses arabic ordinals and abbreviations, with the first word capitalized and periods after abbreviations. The साँचा:para parameter should be used instead of साँचा:para if "." should be appended rather than the typical साँचा:nowrap Examples where this might be needed include foreign-language editions such as साँचा:xt and other phrases such as साँचा:xt.[१९]
साँचा:para
If Edition phrase ends in a period, specify an empty साँचा:para parameter to suppress the period that normally follows the edition phrase.
साँचा:para
Editor or editors of the book. This uses the same format as for साँचा:para; see

Authors. Editor(s) should contain roles, as in साँचा:xt and साँचा:xt. When both साँचा:para and साँचा:para are given, it is assumed that the authors contributed a chapter to the editors' book, and साँचा:para should also be given. Otherwise, the editors are listed in place of the authors. If the entire book has both authors and editors, the editors should be listed under साँचा:para.

साँचा:para
The type of medium for the source. Specify साँचा:xt if साँचा:para specifies a resource in Portable Document Format. Omit साँचा:para if the source is published in HTML or XHTML. Other possible values include physical formats such as साँचा:xt, साँचा:xt, साँचा:xt, and साँचा:xt for books,[२०] and साँचा:xt, साँचा:xt, and साँचा:xt for web pages.[२१] Normally it is not necessary to specify साँचा:xt or साँचा:xt, as this should be obvious from the rest of the citation if no format is specified.
  • For journal and news sources, this parameter is an extension to the NLM Vancouver style; it is added here because Wikipedia articles are commonly hyperlinked, whereas the NLM style is purely text.
साँचा:para
An anchor suitable for Harvard citations; see

Anchors. For example, the साँचा:para might be used as a target of the Harvard citation साँचा:tlx, and it is equivalent to साँचा:para. If साँचा:para and साँचा:para are both given, साँचा:para is ignored.

साँचा:para
The homepage's title; see

Titles.[२२] If the title is in a foreign language, put its English translation in साँचा:para.

साँचा:para
If Homepage title ends in a question mark or exclamation point, specify an empty साँचा:para parameter to suppress the period that would otherwise follow the homepage title.
साँचा:para
Date the homepage (see साँचा:para) was last accessed and checked;[२३] see

Dates.

साँचा:para
Date of publication for the home page; see

Dates.[२४]

साँचा:para
The edition or version of the homepage being cited. This is equivalent to साँचा:para, except that it appends साँचा:nowrap instead of just a period.
साँचा:para
The edition or version being cited, if the homepage is published in more than one. In the NLM Vancouver style this uses arabic ordinals and abbreviations, with the first word capitalized and periods after abbreviations. The साँचा:para parameter should be used instead of साँचा:para if "." should be appended rather than the typical साँचा:nowrap[२५]
साँचा:para
If Edition phrase ends in a period, specify an empty साँचा:para parameter to suppress the period that normally follows the homepage edition phrase.
साँचा:para
The type of medium for the homepage, as in साँचा:xt; see साँचा:para. The NLM Vancouver style specifies साँचा:xt as the only value, and it also specifies a content type prefix of साँचा:xt, as in साँचा:xt.[२६]
साँचा:para
The language of the homepage, if not English.[२७]
साँचा:para
Any further information about the homepage. This should be brief; complete sentences are not needed.[२८] End it with a period.
साँचा:para
The uncapitalized word for updated that was used by the source, followed by the date the homepage was updated or revised, as in साँचा:xt or साँचा:xt.[२९] See

Dates.

साँचा:para
URL of the homepage. When giving this parameter, also give साँचा:para unless the URL is known to be stable.
साँचा:para
A unique identifier, used if no other ID is available. Omit this if a more specialized parameter such as साँचा:para or साँचा:para is also given. The ID should specify the kind of identifier used.
साँचा:para
A unique identifier, used if no other ID is available. Omit this if a more specialized parameter is also given, such as साँचा:para, साँचा:para, साँचा:para, or साँचा:para. The ID should specify the kind of identifier used, as in साँचा:xt, which generates साँचा:xt. Other ID-generating templates include साँचा:tl, साँचा:tl, साँचा:tl साँचा:tl, and साँचा:tl.
साँचा:para
The book's International Standard Book Number such as साँचा:xt. The hyphens may be omitted, as in साँचा:para. Prefer 13- to 10-digit ISBNs if both are available. Convert an SBN to an ISBN by prefixing it with a zero. See Wikipedia:ISBN for more about ISBNs in Wikipedia.
साँचा:para
The issue number of the journal. Use an arabic number, without any preceding "number" or "no." If it is a range, use an en dash, as in साँचा:xt. Issues may be named, as in साँचा:xt, or an issue supplement or part, as in साँचा:xt, साँचा:xt, or a special number, as in साँचा:xt.[३०]
साँचा:para
Name of the journal. This should be the name as it was published at the time. In the NLM Vancouver style, journal names are abbreviated by omitting insignficant words and replacing the rest with abbreviations, with no periods.[३१] For example, The Journal of Biocommunication becomes साँचा:xt without any periods. Lists of standard journal abbreviations are available.[३२] In some other styles, journal names are spelled out in full, or contain periods after abbreviations.
साँचा:para
If Journal name ends in a period, question mark or exclamation point, specify an empty साँचा:para parameter to suppress the period that normally follows the journal name.
साँचा:para
The type of medium for the entire journal. Possible values include physical formats such as साँचा:xt, साँचा:xt, साँचा:xt, and साँचा:xt.[३३] Normally it is not necessary to specify साँचा:xt or साँचा:xt, as this should be obvious from the rest of the citation if no format is specified.
साँचा:para
The language of the source, if not English.[३४]
साँचा:para
The lay summary's publication date; see

Dates.

साँचा:para
The lay summary's source, for example, साँचा:xt.
साँचा:para
The URL of the lay summary, which could be in the popular press.
साँचा:para
Place of publication.[३५] For newspapers this is appended to the newspaper name, in parentheses; see साँचा:para.
साँचा:para
Any further information. This should be brief; complete sentences are not needed.[३६] End it with a period.
साँचा:para
The book's Online Computer Library Center number, such as साँचा:xt. This is particularly useful for older books that lack an ISBN.
साँचा:para
The page number or numbers of the source. Use en dashes in page ranges, as in साँचा:xt. For a single hyphenated page number such as "3‑5", use a non-breaking hyphen ("‑" or "‑") rather than a regular hyphen, so that it is not inadvertently changed to an en dash by another editor or by a bot. In the NLM Vancover style, a page range does not repeat page numbers (for example, साँचा:xt rather than 1447–1450) unless they are followed by a letter (for example, साँचा:xt).
  • For books, use the page numbers of the chapter, as in साँचा:xt or साँचा:xt. In accordance with the Vancouver style, this will be displayed with a leading "p. ", regardless of whether the argument is a single page number or several numbers.[५]
  • For journals, use the page numbers of the journal article.[५]
  • For news, use the page numbers of the article, if the printed edition was consulted. In the NLM Vancouver style, only the first page number is given.[३७]
  • For web pages, use this if only part of the web page is being cited. For example, if the URL is a PDF file, this might be साँचा:xt.[३८]
साँचा:para
The total number of pages in the book, followed by a space and "p", as in साँचा:xt. Or if the book is multivolume, list the number of volumes followed by a space and "vol", as in साँचा:xt.[३९] Do not append a period. If a chapter is cited, use साँचा:para or साँचा:para instead of साँचा:para.
साँचा:para
Use this when citing just a part of the article. Give the article's identification for the part, as in साँचा:xt or साँचा:xt.[४०]
साँचा:para
The page or pages of the part being cited, in the same format as साँचा:para.[४१]
साँचा:para
The title of the part being cited.[४२] See

Titles. If the title is in a foreign language, put its English translation in साँचा:para. This can be combined with साँचा:para and साँचा:para to produce most citations for article parts; complex examples, such as citing parts available in multiple languages, should be placed at the end of साँचा:para instead.

साँचा:para
If Part title ends in a question mark or exclamation point, and if no साँचा:para is given, specify an empty साँचा:para parameter to suppress the period that would otherwise follow the title.
साँचा:para
The URL of the part being cited, if this differs from that of the article.
साँचा:para
The book's physical characteristics if it requires special equipment to read, as in साँचा:xt. If this is given साँचा:para should also be given.[४३]
साँचा:para
The article's PubMed Central number, such as साँचा:xt. This provides free full-text access.
साँचा:para
The article's PubMed Unique Identifier, as in साँचा:xt. This provides access to an abstract and citation, and is a standard identifier in medicine and health-related fields. It may be useful even if साँचा:para is available, as it may point to a freely readable copy when the DOI does not, and PubMed servers are often more reliable than servers for DOIs.
साँचा:para
The organization or individual that issued the resource. This can be abbreviated if well-known, for example, साँचा:xt for साँचा:xt
साँचा:para
An optional brief and relevant except from the source. It is surrounded by double quotes "like this", so it should use single-quotes internally.
साँचा:para
An anchor for this citation; see

Anchors. It should begin with a letter.

साँचा:para
Editors, translators, illustrators, and other secondary authors. See

Authors. Secondary author(s) should contain roles, as in साँचा:xt and साँचा:xt.[४६]

  • For books, this parameter should refer to the entire book (not just to a chapter), and should be used only if साँचा:para is also used; in the common case where the author wrote a chapter of a book that has an editor, use साँचा:para for the editors instead of साँचा:para.
साँचा:para
This is convenient shorthand for साँचा:para.
साँचा:para
The section of the newspaper that the article was published in, as in साँचा:xt.[३७] By convention, use साँचा:para if this is a number.
साँचा:para
The name of the series of the book.[४७]
साँचा:para
The editor or editors of the series, followed by ", editor"; see

Authors.[४७] The साँचा:para parameter should also be specified.

साँचा:para
The volume or number of the book in the series, using the same terminology the source uses, as in साँचा:xt, साँचा:xt, or just plain साँचा:xt.[४७] The साँचा:para parameter should also be specified.
साँचा:para
A convenience parameter; साँचा:para is equivalent to साँचा:para.
साँचा:para
The size of the web page, as in साँचा:xt, साँचा:xt, साँचा:xt, साँचा:xt, साँचा:xt.[३८] If it contains a podcast or other timed data, specify its duration, as in साँचा:xt or साँचा:xt}[२१]
साँचा:para
Title of the source. See

Titles. If the title is in a foreign language, put its English translation in साँचा:para.

  • For books, this is the title of the entire book.[४८]
  • For journals and news, this is the title of the article.[४९]
  • For web pages, this is the title of the web page.[५०]
साँचा:para
If Title ends in a question mark, exclamation point or period, specify an empty साँचा:para parameter to suppress the period that normally follows the title.
साँचा:para
Translation of साँचा:para (the chapter title) into English. See

Titles.

साँचा:para
Translation of साँचा:para (the homepage title) into English. See

Titles.

साँचा:para
Translation of साँचा:para (the title of the article part) into English. See

Titles.

साँचा:para
Translation of साँचा:para (the title) into English. See

Titles.

साँचा:para
The uncapitalized word for updated that was used by the source, followed by the date the source was updated or revised, as in साँचा:xt or साँचा:xt.[३][५१] See

Dates.

साँचा:para
URL of the source. This should point to a freely readable version of the full text. If the full text is not freely readable, give this parameter only if the source has no other identification such as साँचा:para, साँचा:para, or साँचा:para. When giving this parameter, also give साँचा:para unless the URL is known to be stable.
  • For books, this should point to the entire book. If it is just a chapter, use साँचा:para.
  • For journals and news, this should point to the entire article.
  • For journals, if it just a part of the article, use साँचा:para. The URL should not point to PubMed Central; use साँचा:para for that.
  • For the web, this should point to the individual web page.
साँचा:para
साँचा:para
The total number of pages in the book volume, followed by a space and "p", as in साँचा:xt. Other formats are also allowed, in unusual cases, such as साँचा:xt for a volume that is continously paged from the previous volume.[५३] Do not append a period. If a chapter is cited, use साँचा:para or साँचा:para instead of साँचा:para.
साँचा:para
Which volume of the book was cited. Use an arabic number, such as साँचा:xt or साँचा:xt.[५४] This parameter is intended for multivolume books, when only one volume is being cited; for books that are volumes in a series, use साँचा:para instead.
साँचा:para
Title of book volume.[५५] See

Titles.

साँचा:para
If Volume title ends in a question mark or exclamation point, specify an empty साँचा:para parameter to suppress the period that normally follows the title.
साँचा:para
Name of the newspaper or other published work that contains the news article. This should be the name as it was published at the time. Do not abbreviate the newspaper name, except it is OK to omit a leading "The", as in साँचा:xt.[५६] If the title does not indicate where the newspaper is published, add the location, as in साँचा:xt and साँचा:xt; if a location is not well-known, follow it with the state or country, as in साँचा:xt, साँचा:xt, and साँचा:xt.[५७] For convenience, if the parenthesized part is at the end, साँचा:para can be used instead, as in "साँचा:para साँचा:para}.
साँचा:para
If Work name ends in a period, question mark or exclamation point, specify an empty साँचा:para parameter to suppress the period that normally follows the work name.
साँचा:para
The type of medium for the entire newspaper or other published work. Possible values include physical formats such as साँचा:xt, साँचा:xt, साँचा:xt, and साँचा:xt.[५८] Normally it is not necessary to specify साँचा:xt or साँचा:xt, as this should be obvious from the rest of the citation if no format is specified.

Formats

Typically, parameter values are displayed as entered, without reformatting or linking. This section gives advice as to how to format commonly-used parameters.

Authors

Authors should be formatted consistently within a Wikipedia article's citations. There is no Wikipedia-wide consensus about what format to use for authors. The Vancouver system suggests one of two main styles:[५९]

Commas separating authors
Use the author's surname (as spelled by the author) and then initials, with no punctuation within an author's name. Convert family rank to arabic ordinals such as साँचा:xt but keep साँचा:xt and साँचा:xt alone. Omit degrees, titles, and honors. Romanize non-roman alphabets. Spell out organizational authors, and separate them from other authors with semicolons. Omit "Anonymous". Some examples:
Semicolons separating authors
This is similar, except separate authors with a semicolon, and spell out author names in full, surname first, with comma separating surname from given name and with periods following abbreviations. Some examples:

If the contributors to a book are not authors, follow their names with a comma and their role. The role should not be abbreviated. Separate multiple roles with a semicolon. Some examples:

If there are many authors, replace the trailing authors with साँचा:xt or साँचा:xt. Typically the first three or six authors are kept. In one variant, all authors are listed unless there are more than six authors, in which case just the first three are listed. The limit of three or six often applies separately to individual and to institutional authors.

Dates

साँचा:see

Like authors, there is no consensus on Wikipedia about which date format to use in citations. Dates should use a consistent format within an article, and this format need not be the same as in the article's prose. Some formats are specified by the Vancouver system, and some other formats are also in common use on Wikipedia.

All formats allow a plain year, such as साँचा:xt, to stand for that year.

Vancouver dates
The Vancouver system uses the following date formats:[६०]
YYYY-MM-DD
साँचा:xt for the second day of January in 2009. This format is useful for citations that may be reused in foreign-language Wikipedias, since it is recognized globally.
Day Month Year
साँचा:xt for the same example, and साँचा:xt for the entire month.
Month Day, Year
साँचा:xt for the same example, and साँचा:xt for the entire month.

Titles

Use sentence case, the same way that you would capitalize an ordinary sentence, to capitalize the title of a minor work such as a chapter or article. Do this even if the original title capitalizes every word.

Use title case, in which every important word is capitalized, to capitalize the title of a major work such as a book, volume, journal, or newspaper. (The NLM Vancouver style uses sentence case even for book and volume titles, but Wikipedia style is to use title case.)

If a साँचा:para value is in a foreign language, put its translation into साँचा:para, and similarly for साँचा:para and साँचा:para, for साँचा:para and साँचा:para, and for साँचा:para and साँचा:para. This will display as the original title followed by the translation in square brackets. The original title is often omitted as it is rarely important to English language readers. If including the original title, use the appropriate case of the source language; for example, for the book Man's Fate one might use "साँचा:para साँचा:para".[६१]

Use ": " to separate a title from a subtitle, unless some other punctuation is already present.

Anchors

The साँचा:para parameter adds an anchor to the citation, so that it can be a target of a wikilink to the citation, as in [[#Anchor|text]]. This is useful in short citations like shortened notes and parenthetical referencing.

Harvard references such as साँचा:tl are a common form of parenthetical referencing, and the साँचा:para parameter is a convenient way to generate an anchor suitable for Harvard referencing templates. The contents of this parameter should be the last names of the authors of the citation (omitting any authors after the first four), followed by the year, all jammed together without spaces or punctuation. For example, article prose might contain the markup {{harv|Peh|Ng|2009}}, which generates the Harvard reference साँचा:harv. To have this link to a citation, use साँचा:para, such as in the following:

{{vcite journal |author=Peh WC, Ng KH |title=Preparing the references |journal=Singapore Med J |volume=50 |issue=7 |pages=659–61 |date=2009 |pmid=19644619 |url=http://smj.sma.org.sg/5007/5007emw1.pdf |format=PDF |harvid=PehNg2009 }}

This generates the following citation:

साँचा:vcite journal

This citation is the target of the Harvard reference. To see how it works, click on the "साँचा:harv".

Compatibility

These templates are intended to be used in place of साँचा:tl, साँचा:tl, etc. For efficiency reasons they do not support all uses of साँचा:tl etc., but they do support the following commonly used and documented parameters.

साँचा:para
See साँचा:para.
साँचा:para
See साँचा:para.
साँचा:para
The default value for साँचा:para.
साँचा:para
The year of publication. This provides a default value for साँचा:para. If साँचा:para is used and the citation is to a relatively timely source such as a newspaper or a web page, the parameters साँचा:para and साँचा:para also contribute to the default date.

The following backward-compatibility arguments are supported by साँचा:tl etc., but for simplicity and performance reasons they are not supported by साँचा:tl etc. This is the only way in which the vcite and vancite variants disagree. New uses of these templates should avoid these parameters, and should use the main parameters listed above.

साँचा:para
साँचा:para
The first author. Similarly for साँचा:para, साँचा:para, etc.
साँचा:para
A wikilink to be placed around the author. Similarly for साँचा:para, साँचा:para, etc.
साँचा:para
Mask for the author, for books and journals.
साँचा:para
Separator between authors' last and first names, for journals.
साँचा:para
Separator between authors, for journals.
साँचा:para
Equivalent to साँचा:para.
साँचा:para
Display at most N authors, for journals.
साँचा:para
The first editor, for books. Similarly for साँचा:para, साँचा:para, etc.
साँचा:para
First name of first editor, for books. Similarly for साँचा:para, साँचा:para, etc.
साँचा:para
Last name of first ecditor, for books. Similarly for साँचा:para, साँचा:para, etc.
साँचा:para
A wikilink to be placed around the first editor, for books. Similarly for साँचा:para, साँचा:para, साँचा:para, etc.
साँचा:para
First name of first author. Similarly for साँचा:para, साँचा:para, etc.
साँचा:para
The default value for साँचा:para, for news.
साँचा:para
Last name of first author. Similarly for साँचा:para, साँचा:para, etc.
साँचा:para
Whether to use "&" before the last author's name, for books.
साँचा:para
The default value for साँचा:para, for journals and news.
साँचा:para
The default value for साँचा:para, for journals and news.
साँचा:para
The default value for साँचा:para, for journals and news.
साँचा:para
The default value for साँचा:para, for journals; and the default value for साँचा:para, for web pages.

The following साँचा:tl parameters are not supported.

Parameter
साँचा:para
साँचा:para

The following साँचा:tl parameters are not supported. Typically their values should be folded into the values of related parameters.

Parameter What to do when converting to साँचा:tl
साँचा:para, etc. Fold into साँचा:para.
साँचा:para, etc. Fold into साँचा:para.
साँचा:para, etc. Fold into साँचा:para.
साँचा:para Not displayed; see

Citations to entire journals.

साँचा:para Place of publication.[६२] Not displayed; see

Citations to entire journals.

साँचा:para Not displayed; see

Citations to entire journals.

साँचा:para Not supported.
साँचा:para Publisher.[६३] Not displayed; see

Citations to entire journals.

साँचा:para Fold into साँचा:para.
साँचा:para Fold into साँचा:para.
साँचा:visible anchor
Parameters associated with a citation to the entire journal are not displayed by साँचा:tl and साँचा:tl; these parameters would be suitable for a साँचा:tl template, should one be written. Such parameters are usually not needed; exceptional cases can be folded into साँचा:para.
Periods after parameters
If the साँचा:para parameter's value ends in a period, question mark, or exclamation point, the period that normally follows the title can be suppressed by specifying an empty साँचा:para parameter. Parameters such as साँचा:para behave similarly. Parameters such as साँचा:para and साँचा:para are not needed with साँचा:tl etc., which punctuates these parameters differently.

Examples

साँचा:visible anchor
  • {{vcite book |

author=Offit PA | title=Autism's False Prophets: Bad Science, Risky Medicine, and the Search for a Cure | date=2008 | publisher=Columbia University Press | isbn=978-0-231-14636-4 }}

साँचा:visible anchor
  • {{vcite book |

author=Kossoff EH, Freeman JM | chapter=The ketogenic diet—the physician's perspective | editor=Stafstrom CE, Rho JM, editors | title=Epilepsy and the ketogenic diet | publisher=Humana | date=2004 | pages=53–61 | isbn=1-58829-295-9 }}

साँचा:visible anchor
  • {{vcite book |

author=John Smith Sr.; John Jones Jr. | author.= | chapter=Is this a real chapter title? | chapter.= | trans_chapter=Est-ce que c'un vrai chapitre est titre? | chapterurl=http://example.com/chapter | chapterformat=PDF | editor=John Adams Jr., editor | title=Is this a real book title? | title.= | url=http://example.com/book | contenttype=bibliography | format=PDF | editionphrase=2., Aufl. | editionphrase.= | secondaryauthor=B.C. Smith, translator; L.T. Jones, illustrator | volumephrase=Pt. 3 | volumetitle=Is this a real volume title? | volumepagination=507 p | location=New York | publisher=Bibliophile Press | date=2008 | update=updated 2009-09-23 | accessdate=2009-12-21 | pagination=<!--Omitted because a chapter is cited.--> | physicaldescription=<!--Omitted because a web version is cited.--> | serieseditor=Johnson, Edward, editor | series=Is this a real series title? | seriesvolumephrase=no. 7 | language=French | doi=10.1234/5679 | doi_brokendate=2009-12-20 | id=LoC XYZ.23 | isbn=123-456-789-0 | oclc=987654321 | quote=So it goes. | laysummary=http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/96448.php | laysource=Medical News Today | laydate=2008-02-07 | notes=This citation is completely invented, and is not intended to stand for a real source. | chapterid=Chapter 29 | chapterupdate=revised 2009-07-06 | chapteraccessdate=2009-12-22 | pages=239–43 | chapterlanguage=Turkish | ref=SmithJones2008 }}

साँचा:visible anchor
  • {{vcite journal |

author=Bannen RM, Suresh V, Phillips GN Jr, Wright SJ, Mitchell JC | title=Optimal design of thermally stable proteins | journal=Bioinformatics | volume=24 | issue=20 | pages=2339–43 | date=2008 | pmid=18723523 | pmc=2562006 | doi=10.1093/bioinformatics/btn450 | url=http://bioinformatics.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/24/20/2339 }}

साँचा:visible anchor
  • {{vcite journal |

author=John Smith Sr.; John Jones Jr. | author.= | title=Est-ce que c'un vrai article est titre? |title.= | trans_title=Is this a real article title? | articletype=letter | journal=J. Title. | journal.= | edition=Off Ed | journalformat=Internet | date=1999 | update=revised 2002 | archiveurl=http://example.com | archivedate=2003 | accessdate=2009-12-06 | volume=123 | issue=12 | pages=488–93 | language=French | url=http://example.org/xxx | format=PDF | doi=10.1136/bmj.327.7413.488 | doi_brokendate=2009-12-05 | id=LoC XYZ.23 | pmid=1234 | pmc=2082983 | bibcode=1974AJ.....79..819H | quote=So it goes. | laysummary=http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/96448.php | laysource= Medical News Today | laydate=2008-02-07 | notes=This citation is completely invented, and is not intended to stand for a real source. | partid=Appendix A | parttitle=Sont-elles ces données brutes? | trans_parttitle=Is this raw data? | parttitle.= | partp=491 | parturl=http://example.org/appendix-A | ref=SmithJones1999 }}

साँचा:visible anchor
  • {{vcite news |

author=Lohr S | title=Time change a 'mini-Y2K' in tech terms | url=http://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/05/technology/05daylight.html | work=New York Times | date=2007-03-05 }}

साँचा:visible anchor
  • {{vcite news |

author=John Smith Sr.; John Jones Jr. | author.= | title=Est-ce que c'un vrai article est titre? |title.= | trans_title=Is this a real article title? | url=http://example.com | format=PDF | work=Is This a Newspaper Title? | work.= | location=Bucharest | edition=Metro Ed. | workformat=microfiche | date=2009-12-20 | update=updated 2009-12-21 | archiveurl=http://example.com/archive | archivedate=2009-12-22 | accessdate=2009-12-23 | sectionphrase=Opinion | pages=12 | column=2 | language=French | agency=Reuters | publisher=Springer | id={{issn|1234-5678}} | quote=So it goes. | notes=This citation is completely invented, and is not intended to stand for a real source. | ref=SmithJones2009 }}

साँचा:visible anchor
  • {{vcite web |

author=Phillips RG | home=Wig Wiki | title=What to do when your wig is stolen | url=http://blog.example.com/~phillips/hair-eye-comb/stolen-wig.html | date=2009-12-20 | accessdate=2009-12-24 }}</nowiki>

साँचा:visible anchor
  • {{vcite web |

author=R.G. Phillips, Jr. | author.= | home=Cheveux, oeil, peigne? | home.= | trans_home=Hair, eye, comb? | homeurl=http://blog.example.com/~phillips/hair-eye-comb/top.pdf | homeformat=PDF | homeedition=Global | secondaryauthor=K. Phillips, translator | location=Walla Walla, WA | publisher=Idiosyncratic Press | homedate=2009-11-01 | homeupdate=modified 2009-11-19 | homeaccessdate=2009-12-20 | homelanguage=French | homenotes=Notes about the homepage. | format=PDF | title=Τι να κάνει όταν κλέβεται η περούκα σας |trans_title=What to do when your wig is stolen | url=http://blog.example.com/~phillips/hair-eye-comb/stolen-wig.html | date=2009-12-20 | update=modified 2009-12-22 | archiveurl=http://archive.example.com/stolen-wig.html | archivedate=2009-12-23 | accessdate=2009-12-24 | pages=659–61 | size=174 kB | language=Greek | id=LoC XYZ.23 | quote=My goodness! Chase after the thief! | notes=Notes about the web page. | ref=Phillips2009 }}

Rationale

This template was originally designed to attack a major problem with साँचा:tl, साँचा:tl, etc.: these templates generate pages that can take way too long to load while browsing and editing. The initial version of the revised templates improved the page-generation time for Autism by a factor of two, and reduced the size of its HTML by over 35%.[६४]

To improve performance, this template omits the following features of साँचा:tl, साँचा:tl, etc., roughly in descending order of importance:

  • COinS metadata, which greatly bloats the output of साँचा:tl, साँचा:tl, साँचा:tl, etc. Readers who want COinS data can get it by copying a page into a sandbox and replacing all instances of "{{vcite " or "{{vancite " with "{{cite ". Perhaps a gadget or tool will be developed to automate this task.
  • Wikilinks from each instance of "doi" to Digital object identifier, from each instance of "ISBN" to International Standard Book Number, from each instance of "PMID" to PMID, etc. Not only do these links consume needless bytes, they are not that useful and they typically constitute overlinking.
  • Automatically-generated Harvard references. The Vancouver style is normally used with numbered footnotes, not with Harvard references, so this deficiency is not serious. Harvard references can still be done fairly easily with साँचा:para; see

Anchors.

  • The vcite variants do not support fancy ways of formatting authors and editors, with parameters like साँचा:para, साँचा:para, साँचा:para, and साँचा:para. Please format author names and links the way you prefer them, inside साँचा:para. Or you can use साँचा:tl etc., which do support fancy formatting, at some cost in simplicity and performance.
  • Boldface volume numbers. Boldfacing is not needed in the Vancouver style, and would be a distracting visual cue.
  • Quote marks around titles of chapter or article titles. This is not part of the Vancouver style.

See also

References

साँचा:reflist


  1. ↑ सन्दर्भ त्रुटि: <ref> का गलत प्रयोग; Citing-medicine नाम के संदर्भ में जानकारी नहीं है।
  2. ↑ साँचा:vcite book साँचा:vcite book साँचा:vcite book
  3. ↑ अ आ साँचा:vcite book
  4. ↑ साँचा:vcite book
  5. ↑ अ आ इ Page numbers for books: सन्दर्भ त्रुटि: <ref> अमान्य टैग है; "pages" नाम कई बार विभिन्न सामग्रियों में परिभाषित हो चुका है
  6. ↑ साँचा:vcite book
  7. ↑ साँचा:vcite book
  8. ↑ साँचा:vcite book
  9. ↑ साँचा:vcite book
  10. ↑ साँचा:vcite book
  11. ↑ साँचा:vcite book
  12. ↑ साँचा:vcite book
  13. ↑ साँचा:vcite book
  14. ↑ साँचा:vcite book
  15. ↑ साँचा:vcite book
  16. ↑ साँचा:vcite book
  17. ↑ साँचा:vcite book
  18. ↑ साँचा:vcite book
  19. ↑ साँचा:vcite book
  20. ↑ साँचा:vcite book
  21. ↑ अ आ साँचा:vcite book
  22. ↑ साँचा:vcite book
  23. ↑ साँचा:vcite book
  24. ↑ साँचा:vcite book
  25. ↑ साँचा:vcite book
  26. ↑ साँचा:para values:
  27. ↑ साँचा:vcite book
  28. ↑ साँचा:vcite book
  29. ↑ साँचा:vcite book
  30. ↑ साँचा:vcite book
  31. ↑ साँचा:vcite book
  32. ↑ साँचा:vcite book
  33. ↑ साँचा:vcite book
  34. ↑ साँचा:vcite book साँचा:vcite book साँचा:vcite book साँचा:vcite book
  35. ↑ साँचा:vcite book साँचा:vcite book
  36. ↑ साँचा:vcite book साँचा:vcite book साँचा:vcite book साँचा:vcite book
  37. ↑ अ आ साँचा:vcite book
  38. ↑ अ आ साँचा:vcite book
  39. ↑ साँचा:vcite book
  40. ↑ साँचा:vcite book
  41. ↑ साँचा:vcite book
  42. ↑ साँचा:vcite book
  43. ↑ साँचा:vcite book
  44. ↑ साँचा:vcite book
  45. ↑ साँचा:vcite book
  46. ↑ साँचा:vcite book साँचा:vcite book
  47. ↑ अ आ इ साँचा:vcite book
  48. ↑ साँचा:vcite book
  49. ↑ साँचा:vcite book साँचा:vcite book
  50. ↑ साँचा:vcite book
  51. ↑ साँचा:vcite book साँचा:vcite book साँचा:vcite book
  52. ↑ साँचा:vcite book
  53. ↑ साँचा:vcite book
  54. ↑ साँचा:vcite book
  55. ↑ साँचा:vcite book
  56. ↑ साँचा:vcite book
  57. ↑ साँचा:vcite book
  58. ↑ साँचा:vcite book
  59. ↑ साँचा:vcite book साँचा:vcite book साँचा:vcite book साँचा:vcite book
  60. ↑ साँचा:vcite book साँचा:vcite book साँचा:vcite book साँचा:vcite book
  61. ↑ साँचा:vcite book साँचा:vcite book साँचा:vcite book साँचा:vcite book
  62. ↑ साँचा:vcite book
  63. ↑ साँचा:vcite book
  64. ↑ These measurements were generated from साँचा:oldid and साँचा:oldid variants of the same version of Autism, using the template implementations of the time.
"https://hiwiki.iiit.ac.in/index.php?title=साँचा:Vcite_journal/doc&oldid=86997" से लिया गया