साँचा:Cvt/doc

मुक्त ज्ञानकोश विकिपीडिया से
नेविगेशन पर जाएँ खोज पर जाएँ

{{ 

 साँचा:namespace detect

| type = notice | image = | imageright = | class = | style = margin-bottom:1.0em; | textstyle = | text = साँचा:strong for साँचा:terminate sentence
It contains usage information, categories and other content that is not part of the original साँचा page. | small = | smallimage = | smallimageright = | smalltext = | subst = | date = | name = }} This template साँचा:tlf is similar to साँचा:tlf, with one change: साँचा:tlf has option साँचा:para preset. साँचा:documentation subpage


Template साँचा:tl calculates from one measurement unit to another one, and then presents the results formatted. For example:

{{convert|2|km|mi}} → साँचा:convert (km entered, so converted into mile)
{{convert|7|mi|km}} → साँचा:convert (mi entered, so converted into km)

Numbers can be rounded, units can be abbreviated into symbols:

{{convert|2|km|mi|2|abbr=on}} → साँचा:convert
{{convert|7|mi|km|2|abbr=on}} → साँचा:convert

Value ranges can be entered using |to|... or |-|...:

{{convert|2|to|5|km|mi}} → साँचा:convert
{{convert|2|-|5|km|mi}} → साँचा:convert

Combined effect example:

{{convert|2|-|5|km|mi|2|abbr=on}} → साँचा:convert
{{convert|2|and|5|km|mi|sigfig=3|abbr=off}} → साँचा:convert

साँचा:hatnote

Units to convert

साँचा:hatnote Enter units to convert from into:

SI units generally accept prefixes, like "m" for milli (10−3), and "M" for mega (106)
For "per" units, use "/" (slash): kg/ha
For three-unit units etc.: see साँचा:cl

Unit name or symbol (abbreviation): 1 pound or 1 lb?

By default, the first quantity shows unit name, the second shows the symbol (or abbreviation):

Using साँचा:para is the reverse behaviour to the default:

To abbreviate both or neither:

When using scientific notation, the default is for the second (converted) quantity to be displayed using scientific notation:

To display thousands, millions, etc., while abbreviating both input and output units use साँचा:para:

Convenience: साँचा:tlf has साँचा:para by default

Template साँचा:tl is the same as साँचा:tlf, except that it has साँचा:para as the default behaviour. In साँचा:tlf, all other options are available. So:

{{cvt|1|lb|kg}} → साँचा:cvt

is equivalent to:

{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}} → साँचा:cvt

Adjective: a 10-mile distance

Use साँचा:para to produce the adjectival (hyphenated) form:

Default behaviour, for comparison:

Even with साँचा:para, as per MoS no hyphen is produced with unit symbols.

साँचा:anchorRounding: 100 ft is 30 m or 30.5 m or 30.48 m?

साँचा:hatnote By definition, 100 ft equals साँचा:convert. In practical use, it is common to round the calculated metric number. With that, there are several possibilities.

Default rounding

By साँचा:tlf default, the conversion result will be rounded either to precision comparable to that of the input value (the number of digits after the decimal point—or the negative of the number of non-significant zeroes before the point—is increased by one if the conversion is a multiplication by a number between 0.02 and 0.2, remains the same if the factor is between 0.2 and 2, is decreased by 1 if it is between 2 and 20, and so on) or to two significant digits, whichever is more precise. An exception to this is rounding temperatures (see below).

Examples of rounding
Input Displays as Note
{{convert|123|ft|m|-1}} साँचा:convert
{{convert|123|ft|m}} साँचा:convert same output as with 0 (below)
{{convert|123|ft|m|0}} साँचा:convert
{{convert|123|ft|m|1}} साँचा:convert
{{convert|123|ft|m|2}} साँचा:convert exact value is 37.4904 m
{{convert|500|ft|m|-1}} साँचा:convert
{{convert|500|ft|m}} साँचा:convert same output as with −1 (above), because the conversion factor is between 0.2 and 2 (hence, it should produce same double-zero precision (−2) as in the input value), but the conversion must produce two significant digits at a minimum (hence, a higher single-zero precision (−1) is used)
{{convert|500|ft|m|0}} साँचा:convert
{{convert|500|ft|m|1}} साँचा:convert
{{convert|500|ft|m|2}} साँचा:convert exact value is 152.4 m
{{convert|500|ft|cm|-3}} साँचा:convert
{{convert|500|ft|cm}} साँचा:convert same output as with −3 (above), because the conversion factor is between 20 and 200 (hence, it should decrease input value's double-zero precision (−2) by 2), but the conversion must produce two significant digits at a minimum (hence, a higher triple-zero precision (−3) is used)
{{convert|500|ft|cm|0}} साँचा:convert

Convert supports four types of rounding:

Round to a given precision: use a precision number

Specify the desired precision with the fourth unnamed parameter (or third unnamed parameter if the "convert to" parameter is omitted; or fifth unnamed parameter if a range is specified; or fourth unnamed parameter again if a range is specified and the "convert to" parameter is omitted; needs to be replaced with a "precision" named parameter). The conversion is rounded off to the nearest multiple of साँचा:frac to the power of this number. For instance, if the result is 8621 and the round number is "-2", the result will be 8600. If the result is "234.0283043" and the round number is "0", the result will be 234.

Round to a given number of significant figures: साँचा:para

To specify the output number to be with n significant figures use साँचा:para:

Default behaviour, for comparison:

Setting साँचा:para to a value less than 1 is meaningless:

Round to a multiple of 5: 15, 20, 25, ...

Using साँचा:para rounds the outcome to a multiple of 5.

Similar: using साँचा:para rounds the outcome to a multiple of 25.

Default behaviour, for comparison:

In a range, one can round each value individually to the default. Use साँचा:para:

Round to a multiple of a given fraction: साँचा:frac inch

Specify the desired denominator using साँचा:para. (Denominator is the below-the-slash number, for example the 3 in साँचा:frac).

The fraction is reduced when possible:

Default behaviour uses decimal notation:

साँचा:anchorRounding temperatures: °C, °F and K

In temperatures, the conversion will be rounded either to the precision comparable to that of the input value or to that which would give three significant figures when expressed in kelvins, whichever is more precise.

  1. {{convert|10,000|C|F K}} → साँचा:convert
  2. {{convert|10,000.1|C|F K}} → साँचा:convert
  3. {{convert|-272|C|F K}} → साँचा:convert
  4. {{convert|-272|C}} → साँचा:convert
  5. {{convert|100|C|F K}} → साँचा:convert
  6. {{convert|0|C|F K}} → साँचा:convert

The precision of the input number in example (1) is one digit, but the precision of its Kelvins expression is three, so the precision of the Fahrenheit conversion is made three (made 180...) . (1) and (2) seem to belie the fact that a साँचा:convert, and make the 32 degrees difference shown in (1) begin to seem off somehow. Result (1) seems off until you set the significant figures yourself with साँचा:para:

{{convert|10000|C|sigfig=5}} → साँचा:convert

or you set the precision positionally, relative to the decimal point (zero being at the decimal point):

{{convert|10000|C|0}} → साँचा:convert

The precision of the input number in example (2) is six, so the precision of the Fahrenheit output is, whereas before, Kelvins had determined it to be three. Examples (3) and (4) show how this can be hidden and generate questions, but it occurs there because the Kelvins conversion generated two fractional parts. (Before it was the input number that generated the fractional part.) In example (3) the three input digits converted into five significant output digits because of the two digits after the decimal point, generated by the Kelvins conversion. This happened again in (5), but in (6) decimal fractions were neither given as input nor induced by the Kelvins conversion.

Rounding input

There is limited support for rounding the displayed input number. The rounding takes place after conversion, so the output is based on the full-precision input. This is useful when the input is produced by साँचा:tlc or otherwise available to a higher precision than is usefully displayed, and it's desirable to avoid double-rounding.

To round the input to a specified number of digits after the decimal point, use one of the parameters:

Note that there is no साँचा:paraसाँचा:nay or similar for rounding above the decimal place. Neither is there support for significant figures, multiples of 5, or any other output-rounding feature.

The default precision is computed based on the input, so an explicit output precision must usually be supplied:

In this case, if the input were rounded before conversion, a different result would be obtained:

Into multiple units: साँचा:convert

Separate the multiple output units by a space:

If the output unit names contain spaces, use + as the separator.

See also:

Ranges of values

For a conversion of a difference, see § Units of difference.

A range converts two values and separates them by your choice of words and punctuation.

A range: 6 to 17 kg (13 to 37 lb)

Range indicators are entered as the second parameter (between the values). Range separators can be:

साँचा:navbar-collapsible
Separator Convert Result Notes
- {{convert|3|-|6|ft}} साँचा:convert Input can be hyphen (-) or en dash (–), output uses en dash
– – (en dash) {{convert|3|–|6|ft}} साँचा:convert
and {{convert|3|and|6|ft}} साँचा:convert
and(-) {{convert|3|and(-)|6|ft}} साँचा:convert साँचा:para abbreviates the first unit
and(-)|abbr=on {{convert|3|and(-)|6|ft|abbr=on}} साँचा:convert
or {{convert|3|or|6|ft}} साँचा:convert
to {{convert|3|to|6|ft}} साँचा:convert
to(-) {{convert|3|to(-)|6|ft}} साँचा:convert साँचा:para abbreviates the first unit
to(-)|abbr=on {{convert|3|to(-)|6|ft|abbr=on}} साँचा:convert
to about {{convert|3|to about|6|ft}} साँचा:nowrap
+/- {{convert|3|+/-|6|ft}} साँचा:convert
± ± {{convert|3|±|6|ft}} साँचा:convert
+ {{convert|3|+|6|ft}} साँचा:convert
, {{convert|3|,|6|ft}} साँचा:convert
, and {{convert|3|, and|6|ft}} साँचा:nowrap
, or {{convert|3|, or|6|ft}} साँचा:convert
by {{convert|3|by|6|ft}} साँचा:convert
x {{convert|3|x|6|ft}} साँचा:convert साँचा:para abbreviates and repeats the first unit
× × {{convert|3|×|6|ft}} साँचा:convert
x|abbr=on {{convert|3|x|6|ft|abbr=on}} साँचा:convert
xx |xx| is deprecated. Use साँचा:xt instead
* |*| is deprecated. Use साँचा:xt instead

Multiple dimensions: साँचा:convert

Use by:

Use ×, multiplication sign, or x, letter:

In science, the formal way is to set |x| and साँचा:para (keeping dimensions right, like in area = x km2):

About feet, inch in ranges and multiples

While it is possible to enter feet, inch in a simple conversion, this is not possible for ranges:

Default behaviour, for comparison:

Words

Spelling of unit name: UK metre or US meter?

Default spelling of units is en-UK. To show en-US spelling, use साँचा:para:

{{convert|1|m|ft}} → साँचा:convert—default
{{convert|1|m|ft|sp=us}} → साँचा:convert

Spell out numbers: ten miles

To write a number in words, use साँचा:para:

To spell out both in and out values, use साँचा:para:

To make first letter a capital, use साँचा:para, साँचा:para

Remember that the spelling of the units (ft, m) is independently set by साँचा:para. To the extreme:

Inserted before units: 4 planted acres

disp=preunit is similar, but has no separator after the specified text, and can have different text for the output value:

After adjective unit: A साँचा:convert corridor

Note that two units (in this case, ft and m) are required. Use with just one unit will generate an error message.

{{convert|10|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} → साँचा:convert

Plurals: 1 inch, 2 inches

The unit symbol is singular always. Depending on the preceding number only, a unit name can be shown plural.

Exception

Entering the unit spelled |foot| forces singular output "foot", whatever the number is.

Fractions: one-eighth of an imperial pint

The convert template also supports spelling out fractions.

Any additional words needed for the fraction can also be added at the end of the template.

Wrapping and line breaking

See साँचा:section link

Numbers

Using an SI prefix: gigameter (Gm), or micrometer (μm)

साँचा:Sidebar metric prefixes (small) Units can have an SI prefix like G before the unit: Gm, and giga before the name: gigameter. These are plain multiplication factors.

To illustrate, these are trivial calculations (from meter to meter), showing the multiplication factor:

The prefix can be added before the SI unit (here: unit m for meter):

The prefix can be used in the output unit:

As an exception, the non-SI unit "inch" can have the "μ" prefix too)

साँचा:further information

Engineering notation: 7 × 106 m

In the unit: e6m

Engineering number notations like 7साँचा:smallcaps6 (for 7 × 106) can be entered as a "prefix" to the unit:

The same is possible for the output unit:

Any standard unit (not a combination, multiple, or built-in unit) can have such a prefix:

  • e3 (thousand),
  • e6 (million),
  • e9 (billion),
  • e12 (trillion),
  • e15 (quadrillion).

Scientific notation: 1.23 × 10−14

In scientific notation, a number is written like साँचा:rnd. The plain number has exactly one digit before the decimal point.

With साँचा:tlf, the input can be in e-notation such as 12.3e4. This value is displayed as a power of ten, and the output is displayed in scientific notation, except that an output value satisfying 0.01 <= v < 1000 is shown as a normal number. In addition, if the output value is 1000 and sigfig=4 is used, the value is displayed as a normal number.

Input with fractions: साँचा:convert

The number to convert can be written in fractions. Both / (keyboard slash) and ⁄ (fraction slash) are accepted:

With positive mixed numbers (a positive integer and a fraction), use a + sign

With negative mixed numbers, use a hyphen - and repeat it:

Note that the following cases are not interpreted as mixed numbers:

Output with horizontal fraction bar in: साँचा:sfrac inch

Using a double slash (//) returns a horizontal bar fraction:

Thousands separator: 1,000 mi or 1000 mi

In input, a comma for thousands separator is accepted but not required; a gap (space) is not accepted. In output, by default, the thousand separator is the comma:

Set साँचा:para to remove the separator from the output:

Use साँचा:para to use digit grouping by gap (thin space) as a thousands separator:

Default behaviour, for comparison:

Setting साँचा:para will only add the separator when the number of digits is 5 or more:

Default behaviour, for comparison:

Output manipulation

Brackets and separators: 10 m [33 ft]

Punctuation that distinguishes the two measurements is set by साँचा:para.
Options are: b (the default), sqbr, comma, or, br, x|…:

Default behaviour, for comparison:

Setting साँचा:para will force a new line (<br/>)

Also साँचा:para will force a new line, and keep the brackets (useful in tables):

Setting साँचा:para allows any text as separator:

Flipping (reordering) the two measurements: साँचा:convert

Setting साँचा:para will flip (swap) the two measurements:

Default behaviour, for comparison:

When converting to multiple units, the effect is:

Fixed ordering of output units: साँचा:convert

Setting साँचा:para shows the output-units as ordered; the input unit is skipped:

See also: § Displaying parts of the output.

Displaying parts of the result: साँचा:convert

It is possible to display only parts of the conversion result:

Convert Output Returns
{{convert|2|cuyd|m3}} साँचा:convert Regular output (for comparison)
{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=values}} साँचा:convert Input and output numbers
{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit}} साँचा:convert Input unit
{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit|adj=on}} साँचा:convert Input unit, adjective (hyphenated)
{{convert|2|cuyd|cuyd|disp=out}} साँचा:convert Input (workaround. साँचा:nowrap)
{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=~}} साँचा:convert Input: both name and symbol
{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit2}} साँचा:convert Output unit (symbol)
{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit2|abbr=off}} साँचा:convert Output unit (name)
{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=number}} साँचा:convert Output value
{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=out}} साँचा:convert Output value and unit name
{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=out|abbr=off}} साँचा:convert Output value and unit symbol

Display both input name and symbol: 2 kilopascals [kPa]

Setting साँचा:para returns both name and symbol of the first (input) unit:

Table options

For the wikitable structure, there are three options: add a line-break, split the result over columns and make the table sortable.

Enforced line break

साँचा:para adds a line-break and omits brackets.

साँचा:para adds a line-break and does add brackets to the converted value. This may be useful in tables:

साँचा:para साँचा:para
साँचा:convert साँचा:convert

Table columns showing numbers only

Using {convert} in a table cell, with साँचा:para splits the result over two columns:

{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=table}} →
साँचा:convert

साँचा:para does the same, and also centers the text:

{{convert|20|m|ft|disp=tablecen}} →
साँचा:convert

The units are added as a column header:

  m ft
साँचा:para साँचा:convert
साँचा:para साँचा:convert
साँचा:para (default) साँचा:convert

Sorting

Use साँचा:para to include a hidden numerical sortkey in the output, suitable for use in a table with sortable columns. Technically, this places a hidden string before the actual displayed values:

{{convert|10|m|ft|sortable=on}} साँचा:nowrap7001100000000000000</span>10 metres (33&nbsp;ft)

Use both साँचा:para and साँचा:para together to produce table columns (pipe symbols) for each value in sortable columns:

m ft
A साँचा:convert
B साँचा:convert
C साँचा:convert
D साँचा:convert

The generated sortkey is calculated in a consistent way based on both the value and its unit as passed to the convert template. In most cases convert uses the passed value converted to SI base units. It is therefore not necessarily the displayed value or other alternate units and is calculated regardless of output format options. Using different units or different order of units in individual rows should therefore not lead to incorrect sorting, although variations in rounding can give surprising results, since an unrounded number is used for the sortkey.

Units

The conversion factors and physical constants are sourced here.

All units

साँचा:selfref साँचा:hatnote

The table below lists units supported by template {{convert}}. The list is not complete—more complete lists are linked for each dimension. A complete list is at the full list of units.

साँचा:divbox

Explanation – unit codes

The साँचा:tl template uses unit-codes, which are similar to (but not necessarily exactly the same as) the usual written abbreviation for a given unit. These 'unit-codes' are given in column 3 of the following tables, and are accepted as input by the साँचा:tl template as the second and third unnamed parameters. For example, {{convert|100|kg|lb}} produces "साँचा:convert" and {{convert|100|lb|kg}} produces "साँचा:convert"

Some units have alternative unit-codes; these are shown in brackets in column 3, e.g. °F (F): either may be entered for Fahrenheit (but not lower-case f).

The unit-codes should be treated as case-sensitive, especially in cases like {{convert|100|Mm|mm}}, which produces "साँचा:convert".

The output of साँचा:tl can display multiple converted units, if further unit-codes are specified after the second unnamed parameter (without the | separator). Typical combination output units are listed below in column 7. For example, {{convert|55|nmi|km mi}} produces "साँचा:convert", and {{convert|1|oz|ozt g gr}} produces "साँचा:convert".

Abridged list of units supported by साँचा:tl

साँचा:convert/list of units/explanation साँचा:convert/list of units/area/short list साँचा:convert/list of units/density/short list साँचा:convert/list of units/energy/short list साँचा:convert/list of units/force/short list साँचा:convert/list of units/length/short list साँचा:convert/list of units/mass/short list साँचा:convert/list of units/speed/short list साँचा:convert/list of units/temperature/short list साँचा:convert/list of units/torque/short list साँचा:convert/list of units/volume/short list साँचा:convert/list of units/extra

'per' units: kg/hl

When using a slash (/), a unit like kg/hl is recognized as kilograms per hectolitre and will be converted with other mass/volume units.

साँचा:anchorUnits of difference: Expressing a change or difference in temperature

We have already discussed standard temperature conversions (°C, °F, K), as shown in these two examples:

When expressing a temperature change (e.g., "The temperature increased by 10 °C"), or when comparing temperatures (e.g., "10 to 15 °C warmer"), we cannot use the standard temperature units (साँचा:para, साँचा:para and साँचा:para), which refer to points on the respective scale. Instead, we must use one of the following "units of difference": साँचा:para, साँचा:para and साँचा:para.

Compare the following two examples with the two above:

To produce multiple units in the output:

Multiple units: 1 ft 5 in

In input

Base document साँचा:slink lists options for multiple unit input (like ft,in). It can catch predefined sets only (units that can be subdivided; e.g., yd into ft):

In output

Available multiple-unit output options predefined, like ftin and ydftin. The full list is at साँचा:slink.

Default behaviour, for comparison:

See also:

Currency per unit: $/mi → $/km

Using currency symbols in a $ per unit value, you can convert the per-unit:

You can set the currency in both values using साँचा:para:

It is not possible to convert the currency. So, this result (mixed currencies) is not possible: साँचा:!mxt साँचा:nay

Using convert inside templates

For usage in template code, like infoboxes, साँचा:tlf has these options:

Pre-formatting fraction input
Your template can accept साँचा:para and use {{#invoke:Convert/helper|number|16 7/8}} → 16+7/8
Using a Wikidata property
  • Adding the Wikidata property code, like code साँचा:para, to your template code automatically returns the Wikidata property for that article, and convert it. Both number and unit are read.

Note: to return that property value for an other article, use साँचा:para.

Example for साँचा:Wikidata property link: Note: this example uses साँचा:para (testing for स्क्रिप्ट त्रुटि: "wd" ऐसा कोई मॉड्यूल नहीं है। (Q1056131))

For example see template:Infobox Telescope.

Parameter list

साँचा:convert/doc/parameter list

Deprecated options

साँचा:right Deprecated options should not be used. They may produce incorrect or undesired results and there is no guarantee that they will be supported in the future.

TemplateData

This is the TemplateData for this template used by TemplateWizard, VisualEditor and other tools. click here to see a monthly parameter usage report for this template.

TemplateData for Cvt

साँचा:template other

Converts measurements to other units.

साँचा प्राचल

This template prefers inline formatting of parameters.

प्राचलवर्णनप्रकारस्थिति
Value1

The value to convert.

संख्याआवश्यक
From unit2

The unit for the provided value.

उदाहरण
km
रेखाआवश्यक
To units3

The units to convert into. Separate units by a space for multiple outputs. In an output unit, use + for a multiplication space.

उदाहरण
mi nmi
स्ट्रिंगसुझावित
Precision or suffix4

Significant digits after decimal dot or, if negative, exponent of ten.

संख्यावैकल्पिक
Link unitslk

Indication of what units to apply wikilinks to. Use “on” for all, “in” for the input unit, “out” for the output units, or “off” for none of the units.

डिफ़ॉल्ट
off
उदाहरण
on
स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Abbreviationabbr

Display for the units: “on” to display all units using their unit symbols, “off” to display all units in full words, “in” to display the unit symbol for the input unit, “out” to display the unit symbols for the output units, “unit” to display unit symbols for both input and output units when using scientific notation, “values” for no units at all (neither unit symbols nor full words of units).

डिफ़ॉल्ट
out
स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Spellingsp

Spelling of units. Use “us” to display unit names using U.S. spelling.

उदाहरण
us
स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Adjectiveadj

Whether to use adjectival form. Use “on” for singular unit name appended by a hyphen, “mid” to put conversion at end, or “off” (default) for no adjectival form.

डिफ़ॉल्ट
off
उदाहरण
on
बूलियनवैकल्पिक
Conversiondisp

Display conversion result: “or”: after ‘or’, “x”: with custom prefix and suffix, “b”: in parentheses, “table”/“tablecen”, “output only”: alone, “output number only”: alone and without unit, “unit”: not at all but input unit; if the value is a number it is used as precision.

उदाहरण
b
स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Orderingorder

“flip” returns converted value first, input value second.

उदाहरण
flip
स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Significant figuressigfig

Indicates the number of significant figures to be used in rounding.

संख्यावैकल्पिक
Rounding outputround

The type of rounding. “5” rounds the output number to nearest multiple of 5, “25” to nearest multiple of 25, “each” rounds each number in a range.

संख्यावैकल्पिक
Thousands separatorcomma

Sets or suppresses the use of thousands separators in the numbers. “off”: no separator; “gaps”: use space instead of comma as thousands separator; “5” and “gaps5”: only add thousands separator when the integral part of the number uses 5 positions or more (10,000 or more; if using comma as thousands separator, 1234 would produce '1234', 12345 would produce '12,345').

डिफ़ॉल्ट
on
उदाहरण
off
स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Sort keysortable

“on” generates a hidden sort key

उदाहरण
on
स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
spellspell

कोई विवरण नहीं

अज्ञातवैकल्पिक

See also

साँचा:Convert navs


"https://hiwiki.iiit.ac.in/index.php?title=साँचा:Cvt/doc&oldid=219611" से लिया गया