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List of heads of state
(Dates in italics indicate de facto continuation of office)
Royal heads of state
| Name | Birth–Death | Reign start | Reign end | Dynasty | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hotak Empire (1709–1738) | |||||
| Mirwais Hotak | 1673–1715 | 1709 | 1715 | Hotak | |
| Emir | |||||
| Abdul Aziz Hotak | Died 1717 | 1715 | 1717 | Hotak | |
| Emir; Brother of Mirwais Hotak | |||||
| Mahmud Hotak | 1697–1725 | 1717 | 22 April 1725 | Hotak | |
| Emir; Son of Mirwais Hotak | |||||
| Ashraf Hotak | Died 1730 | 22 April 1725 | 1730 | Hotak | |
| Emir; Nephew of Mirwais Hotak | |||||
| Hussain Hotak | Died 1738 | 1730 | 24 March 1738 | Hotak | |
| Emir; Son of Mirwais Hotak | |||||
| Durrani Empire (1747–1823) | |||||
| Ahmad Shah Durrani | 1722–1772 | October 1747 | 16 October 1772 | Durrani | |
| Emir | |||||
| Timur Shah Durrani | 1748–1793 | 16 October 1772 | 18 May 1793 | Durrani | |
| Emir; Son of Ahmad Shah Durrani | |||||
| Zaman Shah Durrani | 1770–1844 | 18 May 1793 | 25 July 1801 | Durrani | |
| Emir; Son of Timur Shah Durrani; Deposed | |||||
| Mahmud Shah Durrani | 1769–1829 | 25 July 1801 | 13 July 1803 | Durrani | |
| Emir; Son of Timur Shah Durrani; First Reign; Deposed | |||||
| Shuja Shah Durrani | 1785–1842 | 13 July 1803 | 3 May 1809 | Durrani | |
| Emir; Son of Timur Shah Durrani; First Reign; Deposed | |||||
| Mahmud Shah Durrani | 1769–1829 | 3 May 1809 | 1818 | Durrani | |
| Emir; Son of Timur Shah Durrani; Second Reign; Deposed | |||||
| Ali Shah Durrani | 1818 | 1819 | Durrani | ||
| Emir; Son of Timur Shah Durrani; Deposed | |||||
| Ayub Shah Durrani | Died 1837 | 1819 | 1823 | Durrani | |
| Emir; Son of Timur Shah Durrani; Deposed | |||||
| Emirate of Afghanistan (1823–1926) | |||||
| Dost Mohammad Khan | 1793–1863 | 1823 | 2 August 1839 | Barakzai | |
| Emir; Son of Sardar Payendah Khan; First Reign; Exiled | |||||
| Shuja Shah Durrani | 1785–1842 | 7 August 1839 | 5 April 1842 | Durrani | |
| Emir; Son of Timur Shah Durrani; Second Reign; Assassinated | |||||
| Wazir Akbar Khan | 1816–1845 | 5 April 1842 | 1845 | Barakzai | |
| Emir; Son of Dost Mohammad Khan | |||||
| Dost Mohammad Khan | 1793–1863 | 1845 | 9 June 1863 | Barakzai | |
| Emir; Son of Sardar Payendah Khan; Second Reign | |||||
| Sher Ali Khan | 1825–1879 | 9 June 1863 | 1865 | Barakzai | |
| Emir; Son of Dost Mohammad Khan; First Reign; Deposed | |||||
| Mohammad Afzal Khan | 1811–1867 | 1865 | 7 October 1867 | Barakzai | |
| Emir; Son of Dost Mohammad Khan | |||||
| Mohammad Azam Khan | Died 1868 | 7 October 1867 | 21 February 1868 | Barakzai | |
| Emir; Son of Dost Mohammad Khan | |||||
| Sher Ali Khan | 1825–1879 | 7 October 1868 | 21 February 1879 | Barakzai | |
| Emir; Son of Dost Mohammad Khan; Second Reign | |||||
| Ayub Khan | 1857–1914 | 12 October 1879 | 31 May 1880 | Barakzai | |
| Emir; Son of Sher Ali Khan; Deposed | |||||
| Abdur Rahman Khan | 1840/1844–1901 | 31 May 1880 | 1 October 1901 | Barakzai | |
| Emir; Son of Mohammad Afzal Khan | |||||
| Habibullah Khan | 1872–1919 | 1 October 1901 | 20 February 1919 | Barakzai | |
| Emir; Son of Abdur Rahman Khan; Assassinated | |||||
| Nasrullah Khan | 1874–1920 | 20 February 1919 | 28 February 1919 | Barakzai | |
| Emir; Son of Abdur Rahman Khan; Deposed | |||||
| Amanullah Khan | 1892–1960 | 28 February 1919 | 9 June 1926 | Barakzai | |
| Emir; Son of Habibullah Khan | |||||
| Kingdom of Afghanistan (1926–1973) | |||||
| Amanullah Khan | 1892–1960 | 9 June 1926 | 14 January 1929 | Barakzai | |
| King; Son of Habibullah Khan; Deposed | |||||
| Inayatullah Khan | 1888–1946 | 14 January 1929 | 17 January 1929 | Barakzai | |
| King; Son of Habibullah Khan; Abdicated | |||||
| Habibullāh Kalakāni | 1891–1929 | 17 January 1929 | 16 October 1929 | Non-Dynastic | |
| King; Deposed | |||||
| Ali Ahmad Khan | 1883–1929 | 17 January 1929 | 9 February 1929 | Non-Dynastic | |
| King; Rose in opposition to Kalakani during the events of the Afghan civil war of 1928-29; captured. | |||||
| Mohammed Nadir Shah | 1883–1933 | 16 October 1929 | 8 November 1933 | Barakzai | |
| King; Grandnephew of Dost Mohammed Khan; Assassinated | |||||
| Mohammed Zahir Shah | 1914–2007 | 8 November 1933 | 17 July 1973 | Barakzai | |
| King; Son of Mohammed Nadir Shah; Deposed | |||||
Non-Royal heads of stateEdit
| Name | Birth–Death | Took office | Left office | Political Affiliation | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republic of Afghanistan (1973–1978) | ||||||
| Mohammed Daoud Khan | 1909–1978 | 17 July 1973 | 28 April 1978 | Independent
(until 1976) | ||
| National Revolutionary Party | ||||||
| President; Member of the Barakzai dynasty (first cousin of Mohammed Zahir Shah);Assassinated | ||||||
| Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (1978–1987) | ||||||
| Colonel
Abdul Qadir |
1944–2014 | 28 April 1978 | 30 April 1978 | People's Democratic Party
(Khalq faction) | ||
| Chairman of the Presidium of the Military Revolutionary Council | ||||||
| Nur Muhammad Taraki | 1917–1979 | 30 April 1978 | 14 September 1979 | People's Democratic Party
(Khalq faction) | ||
| Chairman of the Presidium of the Revolutionary Council; Assassinated | ||||||
| Hafizullah Amin | 1929–1979 | 14 September 1979 | 27 December 1979 | People's Democratic Party
(Khalq faction) | ||
| Chairman of the Presidium of the Revolutionary Council; Assassinated | ||||||
| Babrak Karmal | 1929–1996 | 27 December 1979 | 24 November 1986 | People's Democratic Party
(Parcham faction) | ||
| Chairman of the Presidium of the Revolutionary Council; Dismissed | ||||||
| Haji Mohammad Chamkani | 1947–2012 | 24 November 1986 | 30 September 1987 | Independent | ||
| Chairman of the Presidium of the Revolutionary Council | ||||||
| Mohammad Najibullah | 1947–1996 | 30 September 1987 | 30 November 1987 | People's Democratic Party
(Parcham faction) | ||
| Chairman of the Presidium of the Revolutionary Council | ||||||
| Republic of Afghanistan (1987–1992) | ||||||
| Mohammad Najibullah | 1947–1996 | 30 November 1987 | 16 April 1992 | People's Democratic Party
(Parcham faction) (until 1990) | ||
| Homeland Party | ||||||
| President; Resigned | ||||||
| Abdul Rahim Hatif | 1926–2013 | 16 April 1992 | 28 April 1992 | Homeland Party | ||
| Acting President; Deposed | ||||||
| Islamic State of Afghanistan (1992–2002) | ||||||
| Sibghatullah Mojaddedi | 1925–2019 | 28 April 1992 | 28 June 1992 | National Liberation Front | ||
| Acting President; Resigned | ||||||
| Burhanuddin Rabbani | 1940–2011 | 28 June 1992 | 22 December 2001 | Jamiat-e Islami | ||
| President; Between 1996 and 2001, the Islamic State remained the internationally recognized government, despite only controlling about 10% of Afghan territory | ||||||
| Hamid Karzai | 1957– | 22 December 2001 | 13 July 2002 | Independent | ||
| Acting President | ||||||
| Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001) | ||||||
| Mullah
Mohammed Omar |
c. 1960–2013 | 27 September 1996 | 13 November 2001 | Taliban | ||
| Emir and Commander of the Faithful; The Islamic Emirate never attained widespread international recognition, despite controlling about 90% of Afghan territory; Deposed | ||||||
| Mullah
Mohammad Rabbani |
1956–2001 | 27 September 1996 | 13 April 2001 | Taliban | ||
| Head of the Supreme Council; Deputy leader of the Taliban; Died in office | ||||||
| Maulavi
Abdul Kabir |
1958/1963– | 16 April 2001 | 13 November 2001 | Taliban | ||
| Acting Head of the Supreme Council; Deposed | ||||||
| Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan (2002–2004) | ||||||
| Hamid Karzai | 1957– | 13 July 2002 | 7 December 2004 | Independent | ||
| Transitional President | ||||||
| Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (2004–present) | ||||||
| Hamid Karzai | 1957– | 7 December 2004 | 29 September 2014 | Independent | ||
| President; First democratically elected head of state | ||||||
| Ashraf Ghani | 1949– | 29 September 2014 | Incumbent | Independent | ||
| President; First peaceful transfer of power | ||||||