hiwiki:IPA for Russian

मुक्त ज्ञानकोश विकिपीडिया से
नेविगेशन पर जाएँ खोज पर जाएँ
The printable version is no longer supported and may have rendering errors. Please update your browser bookmarks and please use the default browser print function instead.

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Russian language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles.

See Russian phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Russian.

IPA Examples IPA Examples[१] English equivalents
Consonants
साँचा:square bracket openघोष द्वयोष्ठ्य स्पर्श|b]]साँचा:yesno бок; небо bʲ белый; воробей boot; beautiful
साँचा:square bracket openvoiced alveolar plosive|d]]साँचा:yesno дом; деда dʲ делает; Владимир do; dew (for some dialects)
साँचा:square bracket openvoiceless labiodental fricative|f]]साँचा:yesno фата; выставка;[२] Чехов;[३] шурф fʲ фея; червь[३] fool; few
साँचा:square bracket openvoiced velar plosive|ɡ]]साँचा:yesno говорю; другой ɡʲ гербарий; ноги goo; argue
साँचा:square bracket openvoiced velar fricative|ɣ]]साँचा:yesno Господь, Господи;[४] interj. ага, ого[४]
साँचा:square bracket openpalatal approximant|j]]साँचा:yesno есть; юла; я; толстый [५] yes, boy
साँचा:square bracket openvoiceless velar plosive|k]]साँचा:yesno кость; книга; рука; бок kʲ кишки; короткий cool; cute
साँचा:square bracket openalveolar lateral approximant|l]]साँचा:yesno луна; стула ; ствол[६] lʲ лес; колено; мысль pill; least
साँचा:square bracket openbilabial nasal|m]]साँचा:yesno мыло; думать; там mʲ мясо; доме moot; mute
साँचा:square bracket openवर्त्स्य नासिक्य|n]]साँचा:yesno нос; он nʲ нёс; они; корень noon; newt (for some dialects)
साँचा:square bracket openअघोष द्वयोष्ठ्य स्पर्श|p]]साँचा:yesno пыль; стопа; скрип; зуб[३] pʲ пепел; зыбь[३] pool; pew
साँचा:square bracket openalveolar trill|r]]साँचा:yesno рыба; широкий; орла; жир rʲ река; четыре; три; зверь trilled r, like in Spanish
साँचा:square bracket openvoiceless alveolar sibilant|s]]साँचा:yesno собака; писать; нос; глаз[३] sʲ синий; здесь; есть; грызть[२] soup; super (for some dialects)
साँचा:square bracket openvoiceless retroflex sibilant|ʂ]]साँचा:yesno широкий; наш; хороший; муж;[३] что साँचा:square bracket openvoiceless alveolo-palatal sibilant|ɕɕ]]साँचा:yesno щегол; считать; мужчина; вращать [७] shop; fresh cheese, fish show
साँचा:square bracket openvoiceless alveolar plosive|t]]साँचा:yesno тот; читаю; водка;[२] лёд[३] tʲ тереть; дитя; грудь[३] tool; tune (for some dialects)
साँचा:square bracket openvoiceless alveolar affricate|t͡s]]साँचा:yesno цель; птица; отец साँचा:square bracket openvoiceless alveolo-palatal affricate|t͡ɕ]]साँचा:yesno чай; печень; течь tsunami, cats; chip
साँचा:square bracket openvoiced labiodental fricative|v]]साँचा:yesno ваш; давать; его[८] vʲ вести; человек voodoo; view
साँचा:square bracket openvoiceless velar fricative|x]]साँचा:yesno ходить; ухо; Бог[४] xʲ хина; лёгкий[२][४] bach; huge (for some dialects).
साँचा:square bracket openvoiced alveolar sibilant|z]]साँचा:yesno заезжать; язык zʲ зелёный; озеро; просьба;[२] zoo; azure (for some dialects)
साँचा:square bracket openvoiced retroflex sibilant|ʐ]]साँचा:yesno жест; тяжёлый साँचा:square bracket openvoiced alveolo-palatal sibilant|ʑʑ]]साँचा:yesno дрожжи; заезжать[९] rouge; asia
IPA Examples English equivalent
Stressed vowels
साँचा:square bracket openopen front unrounded vowel|a]]साँचा:yesno трава́ ton
साँचा:square bracket opennear-open front unrounded vowel|æ]]साँचा:yesno пять pat
साँचा:square bracket openopen back unrounded vowel|ɑ]]साँचा:yesno па́лка [१०] palm
साँचा:square bracket openclose-mid front unrounded vowel|e]]साँचा:yesno пень pay
साँचा:square bracket openopen-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]]साँचा:yesno жест met
साँचा:square bracket openclose front unrounded vowel|i]]साँचा:yesno си́него meet
साँचा:square bracket openclose central unrounded vowel|ɨ]]साँचा:yesno ты roses (for some dialects)
साँचा:square bracket openclose-mid back rounded vowel|o]]साँचा:yesno о́блако chore
साँचा:square bracket openclose-mid central rounded vowel|ɵ]]साँचा:yesno тётя audio
साँचा:square bracket openclose back rounded vowel|u]]साँचा:yesno пу́ля moon
साँचा:square bracket openclose central rounded vowel|ʉ]]साँचा:yesno чуть choose
Unstressed vowels
साँचा:square bracket opennear-open central vowel|ɐ]]साँचा:yesno паро́м; сообража́ть; тропа́ bud
साँचा:square bracket openmid-central vowel|ə]]साँचा:yesno ко́жа; ше́я; о́блако about
साँचा:square bracket opennear-close near-front unrounded vowel|ɪ]]साँचा:yesno тяжёлый; эта́п; четы́ре bit
साँचा:square bracket openclose central unrounded vowel|ɨ]]साँचा:yesno дыша́ть; жена́; го́ды dinner
साँचा:square bracket openclose central rounded vowel|ʉ]]साँचा:yesno юти́ться youth
साँचा:square bracket opennear-close near-back vowel|ʊ]]साँचा:yesno мужчи́на put
Other symbols used in transcription of Russian pronunciation
IPA Explanation
ˈ Stress (placed before the stressed syllable),
for example этап [ɪˈtap]

Notes

  1. ↑ Russian makes contrasts between palatalized ("soft") and unpalatalized ("hard") consonants. Palatalized consonants, denoted by a superscript j, ‹ ʲ› , are pronounced with the body of the tongue raised toward the hard palate, in a manner similar to the articulation of the y sound in yes. /j/, /ɕɕ/, /tɕ/, /ʑʑ/ are also considered "soft".
  2. ↑ अ आ इ ई उ In consonant clusters, the voicing or devoicing is determined by that of the final obstruent in the sequence (Halle 1959:31)
  3. ↑ अ आ इ ई उ ऊ ए ऐ Voiced obstruents (/b/, /bʲ/, /d/, /dʲ/ /ɡ/, /v/, /vʲ/, /z/, /zʲ/, /ʐ/, and /ʑʑ/) are devoiced word-finally unless the next word begins with a voiced obstruent (Halle 1959:22).
  4. ↑ अ आ इ ई In some religious words such as Бог and Господь, as well as interjections, ‹г› and ‹к› represent [ɣ] and [x], respectively. When /ɡ/ loses its voicing, it is also lenited (a form of dissimilation) before plosives in some words.
  5. ↑ The "soft" vowel letters <е> <ю> and <я> represent a /j/ plus a vowel when initial or following other vowels or a yer. When such vowels are unstressed, the /j/ may be deleted.
  6. ↑ /l/ is often strongly pharyngealized but this feature is nondistinctive (Ladefoged & Maddieson 1996:187-188).
  7. ↑ While some speakers pronounce words with ‹щ› as [ɕɕ] and others as [ɕtɕ], none contrast the two pronunciations. This generally includes words spelled with other letters, though speakers with the [ɕɕ] pronunciation may still pronounce words like считывать with [ɕtɕ] because of the morpheme boundary between ‹с› and ‹ч›.
  8. ↑ Intervocalic <г> can represent /v/ in certain words and affixes
  9. ↑ The phoneme /ʑʑ/ is in many dialects is replaced with /ʐ/.
  10. ↑ [ɑ] appears between a hard consonant (or a pause) and /l/

See also

References

"https://hiwiki.iiit.ac.in/index.php?title=hiwiki:IPA_for_Russian&oldid=119074" से लिया गया