hiwiki:IPA for Mandarin

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The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Mandarin Chinese pronunciations in Wikipedia articles.

See Mandarin phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Mandarin. Please note that English equivalents given in this page may only represent very approximate sounds to the original pronunciations.

Consonants
IPA Pinyin Bopomofo English approximation
साँचा:square bracket openvoiceless alveolo-palatal sibilant|ɕ]]साँचा:yesno x ㄒ she
साँचा:square bracket openvoiceless labiodental fricative|f]]साँचा:yesno f ㄈ fan
साँचा:square bracket openpalatal approximant|j]]साँचा:yesno y-, -i- ㄧ you
साँचा:square bracket openvoiceless velar plosive|k]]साँचा:yesno g ㄍ scan
kʰ k ㄎ can
साँचा:square bracket openalveolar lateral approximant|l]]साँचा:yesno l ㄌ leaf
साँचा:square bracket openbilabial nasal|m]]साँचा:yesno m ㄇ moon
साँचा:square bracket openवर्त्स्य नासिक्य|n]]साँचा:yesno n-, -n ㄋ, ㄣ noon
साँचा:square bracket openकण्ठ्य नासिक्य|ŋ]]साँचा:yesno -ng ㄥ song
साँचा:square bracket openअघोष द्वयोष्ठ्य स्पर्श|p]]साँचा:yesno b ㄅ span
pʰ p ㄆ pan
साँचा:square bracket openretroflex approximant|ɻ]]साँचा:yesno -r ㄖ aria (ends syllable)
साँचा:square bracket openvoiceless alveolar sibilant|s]]साँचा:yesno s ㄙ see
साँचा:square bracket openvoiceless retroflex sibilant|ʂ]]साँचा:yesno sh ㄕ sure
साँचा:square bracket openvoiceless alveolar plosive|t]]साँचा:yesno d ㄉ stand
tʰ t ㄊ tan
साँचा:square bracket openvoiceless alveolo-palatal affricate|tɕ]]साँचा:yesno j ㄐ itchy
tɕʰ q ㄑ cheer
साँचा:square bracket openvoiceless alveolar affricate|ts]]साँचा:yesno z ㄗ cats
tsʰ c ㄘ tsunami
साँचा:square bracket openvoiceless retroflex affricate|tʂ]]साँचा:yesno zh ㄓ pitcher
tʂʰ ch ㄔ church
साँचा:square bracket openvoiced labio-velar approximant|w]]साँचा:yesno w-, -u- ㄨ water
साँचा:square bracket openvoiceless velar fricative|x]]साँचा:yesno h ㄏ house or loch
साँचा:square bracket openlabial-palatal approximant|ɥ]]साँचा:yesno yu-, -ü-[१] ㄩ (simultaneous y and w)
साँचा:square bracket openvoiced retroflex sibilant|ʐ]]साँचा:yesno r- ㄖ Zsa Zsa (starts syllable)
Vowels
IPA Pinyin Bopomofo English approximation
साँचा:square bracket openopen front unrounded vowel|a]]साँचा:yesno a (a, an) ㄚ, ㄢ Somewhat like car
aɪ ai ㄞ time
साँचा:square bracket openopen back unrounded vowel|ɑ]]साँचा:yesno a (ang), e (er) ㄤ, ㄦ car
ɑʊ ao ㄠ how
eɪ ei[२] ㄟ hey
साँचा:square bracket openopen-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]]साँचा:yesno e (ye), a (yan, yuan) ㄝ,ㄧㄢ , ㄩㄢ yes
साँचा:square bracket openopen-mid front rounded vowel|œ]]साँचा:yesno e (yue) ㄩㄝ No English equivalent; Rounded [ɛ]
साँचा:square bracket openmid-central vowel|ə]]साँचा:yesno e (en[२], eng) ㄣ, ㄥ about
साँचा:square bracket openclose-mid back unrounded vowel|ɤ]]साँचा:yesno e ㄜ Somewhat like hood
साँचा:square bracket openclose front unrounded vowel|i]]साँचा:yesno yi/-i (yi, yin, ying) ㄧ see
ɨ i (si, zi, ci, shi, zhi, chi, ri) (buzzing)[३] ㄭ
oʊ ou[२] ㄡ hoe
साँचा:square bracket openopen-mid back rounded vowel|ɔ]]साँचा:yesno o (wo[४]) ㄛ war
साँचा:square bracket openclose back rounded vowel|u]]साँचा:yesno wu/-u ㄨ woo
साँचा:square bracket opennear-close near-back vowel|ʊ]]साँचा:yesno o (ong) ㄨㄥ hood
साँचा:square bracket openclose front rounded vowel|y]]साँचा:yesno yu/-ü[१] (yu, yun) ㄩ Somewhat like cute
Nasal[५]
ɑ̃ ang (angr) No English equivalent; nasal [ɑ]
ə̃ eng (engr) No English equivalent; nasal [ə]
ʊ̃ ong (ongr) No English equivalent. Nasal [ʊ]
IPA Pinyin Description
Tones
ǎ ɤ̌ á, é mid rising: ˧˥
â ɤ̂ à, è high falling: ˥˩
á ɤ́ ā, ē high: ˥
à, ɤ̀ ǎ, ě medially, low: ˩
initially, mid falling: ˧˩
finally, low rising: ˩˧
in isolation, dipping: ˧˩˧
a, ɤ a, e "toneless":
low after a falling tone [â];
mid after all other tones

Notes

  1. ↑ अ आ ü ([y], [ɥ]) is spelled u after j, q, x as [u], [w] cannot occur after these consonants.
  2. ↑ अ आ इ wei, you, wen are spelled ui, iu, un respectively in pinyin, but pronounced identically, when preceded by a consonant.
  3. ↑ Slightly "buzzing" vowels. In shi, zhi, chi, ri, the vowel is also retracted: [ɨ˞], rather like the ir in US English bird. These are sometimes transcribed as syllabic fricatives ([z̩], [ʐ̩]), but there is little frication.
  4. ↑ uo is spelled o when preceded by b, p, m or f; however, it is pronounced similarly.
  5. ↑ Only occurs in erhua and generally not considered part of the main vowel inventory.
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