hiwiki:IPA for Hawaiian

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The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Hawaiian pronunciations in Wikipedia articles.

English approximations are in some cases very approximate, and only intended to give a general idea of the pronunciation. For more detail, see Hawaiian language#Phonology (currently more accurate than Hawaiian phonology).

Consonants
IPA Examples nearest English equivalent
साँचा:square bracket openvoiceless glottal fricative|h]]साँचा:yesno Honolulu hat
साँचा:square bracket openpalatal approximant|j]]साँचा:yesno Mauna Kea [ˈkɛjə][१] yes
साँचा:square bracket openvoiceless velar plosive|k]]साँचा:yesno Kamehameha[२] sky
साँचा:square bracket openalveolar lateral approximant|l]]साँचा:yesno Honolulu, Lānaʻi lean
साँचा:square bracket openbilabial nasal|m]]साँचा:yesno Maui moon
साँचा:square bracket openवर्त्स्य नासिक्य|n]]साँचा:yesno Lānaʻi[३] note
साँचा:square bracket openअघोष द्वयोष्ठ्य स्पर्श|p]]साँचा:yesno Pele spy
साँचा:square bracket openvoiceless alveolar plosive|t]]साँचा:yesno Waikīkī, wikiwiki[२] sty
साँचा:square bracket openvoiced labiodental fricative|v]]साँचा:yesno wikiwiki[४] vision
साँचा:square bracket openvoiced labio-velar approximant|w]]साँचा:yesno Loa [ˈlowə], Kīlauea [ˈkiːlɔuˈwɛjə][४] we
साँचा:square bracket openglottal stop|ʔ]]साँचा:yesno Hawaiसाँचा:okinai, Oसाँचा:okinaahu oh-oh!
(a catch in the throat)
Stress
IPA Example Note
ˈ Honolulu [honoˈlulu] Mark placed before stressed syllable.[५]
Vowels
IPA Examples nearest English equivalent
साँचा:square bracket openopen front unrounded vowel|aː]]साँचा:yesno Lānaसाँचा:okinai father
साँचा:square bracket opennear-open central vowel|ɐ]]साँचा:yesno Oसाँचा:okinaahu, Molokaसाँचा:okinai[६] nut
साँचा:square bracket openmid-central vowel|ə]]साँचा:yesno Hawaiसाँचा:okinai, Mauna Loa[६] sofa
साँचा:square bracket openclose-mid front unrounded vowel|eː]]साँचा:yesno Kēōkea hey without the y sound
साँचा:square bracket openopen-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]]साँचा:yesno Pele[७] bed
साँचा:square bracket openclose-mid front unrounded vowel|e]]साँचा:yesno Kahoसाँचा:okinaolawe[७] Spanish e
साँचा:square bracket openclose front unrounded vowel|iː]]साँचा:yesno Waikīkī peel
साँचा:square bracket openclose front unrounded vowel|i]]साँचा:yesno wikiwiki Spanish i
साँचा:square bracket openclose-mid back rounded vowel|oː]]साँचा:yesno [[ʻŌʻū|साँचा:okinaōसाँचा:okinaū]] low without the w sound
साँचा:square bracket openclose-mid back rounded vowel|o]]साँचा:yesno Honolulu Spanish o
साँचा:square bracket openclose back rounded vowel|uː]]साँचा:yesno साँचा:okinaōसाँचा:okinaū moon
साँचा:square bracket openclose back rounded vowel|u]]साँचा:yesno Honolulu Spanish u
Diphthongs
Diphthongs are iu [ju], ou [ou], oi [oi], eu [eu], ei [ei], au [ɔu], ai [ɛi], ao [], ae [].
These are pronounced like sequences of vowels, but without a [w] or [j] in the middle.
iu is pronounced somewhat like yu, so kiu ≈ "cue".
In rapid speech, au as in Mauna and ai as in Waikīkī tend to be pronounced like ou and ei.

Notes

  1. ↑ The y sound [j] is not written, but appears between a front vowel (i, e) and a non-front vowel (a, o, u)
  2. ↑ अ आ [k] and [t], spelled k, are variants of a single consonant. [k] is almost universal at the beginnings of words, while [t] is most common before the vowel i. [t] is also more common in the western dialects, as on Kauaʻi, while [k] predominates on the Big Island.
  3. ↑ In some dialects the letter l is tends to be pronounced [n], especially in words with an n in them. On the western islands it tends to be pronounced as a tap, [ɾ].
  4. ↑ अ आ [w] and [v], spelled w, are variants of a single consonant. [w] is the norm after back vowels u, o, while [v] is the norm after front vowels i, e. Initially and after the central vowel a, as in Hawaiसाँचा:okinai, they are found in free variation. [w] also occurs, though it is usually not written, between a back vowel (u, o) and a non-back vowel (i, e, a).
  5. ↑ Stress falls on the penultimate vowel, with diphthongs and long vowels counting double. (That is, a final long vowel or diphthong will be stressed.) Longer words may have a second stressed vowel, whose position is not predictable.
  6. ↑ अ आ Short a is pronounced [ɐ] when stressed and [ə] when not.
  7. ↑ अ आ Short e is [ɛ] when stressed and generally when next to l, n, or another syllable with a [ɛ]; otherwise it is [e].
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