hiwiki:IPA for Franco-Provençal

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साँचा:mbox

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Franco-Provençal (also known as Arpitan) pronunciations in Wikipedia articles.

English approximations are in some cases very loose, and only intended to give a general idea of the pronunciation. See Franco-Provençal language#phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds.

Consonants
  IPA   Examples Nearest English equivalent
साँचा:square bracket openघोष द्वयोष्ठ्य स्पर्श|b]]साँचा:yesno bow
c[१]
साँचा:square bracket openvoiced alveolar plosive|d]]साँचा:yesno doe
dz[२]
[२] Joe
साँचा:square bracket openघोष दन्त्य संघर्षी|ð]]साँचा:yesno though
साँचा:square bracket openvoiceless labiodental fricative|f]]साँचा:yesno foe
साँचा:square bracket openvoiced velar plosive|ɡ]]साँचा:yesno go
h[३] hoe
साँचा:square bracket openlabial-palatal approximant|ɥ]]साँचा:yesno (simultaneous y and w)
साँचा:square bracket openpalatal approximant|j]]साँचा:yesno yes
ɟ[२]
साँचा:square bracket openvoiceless velar plosive|k]]साँचा:yesno sky
साँचा:square bracket openalveolar lateral approximant|l]]साँचा:yesno low
साँचा:square bracket openpalatal lateral approximant|ʎ]]साँचा:yesno
साँचा:square bracket openbilabial nasal|m]]साँचा:yesno mow
साँचा:square bracket openवर्त्स्य नासिक्य|n]]साँचा:yesno no
साँचा:square bracket openतालव्य नासिक्य|ɲ]]साँचा:yesno canyon
साँचा:square bracket openकण्ठ्य नासिक्य|ŋ]]साँचा:yesno parking
साँचा:square bracket openअघोष द्वयोष्ठ्य स्पर्श|p]]साँचा:yesno spy
साँचा:square bracket openalveolar trill|r]]साँचा:yesno[४]
साँचा:square bracket openvoiceless alveolar sibilant|s]]साँचा:yesno so
ʃ[१] show
साँचा:square bracket openvoiceless alveolar plosive|t]]साँचा:yesno stow
ts[१]
[१]
साँचा:square bracket openअघोष दन्त्य संघर्षी|θ]]साँचा:yesno
साँचा:square bracket openvoiced labiodental fricative|v]]साँचा:yesno vote
साँचा:square bracket openvoiced labio-velar approximant|w]]साँचा:yesno woe
साँचा:square bracket openvoiced alveolar sibilant|z]]साँचा:yesno zoo
ʒ[२] measure
Vowels
Oral Nasal
  IPA   Examples Nearest English equivalent   IPA   Examples Nearest English equivalent
साँचा:square bracket openopen front unrounded vowel|a]]साँचा:yesno lana pat ɑ̃ chançon Nasalized [ɑ]
साँचा:square bracket openopen back unrounded vowel|ɑ]]साँचा:yesno pâta bra
साँचा:square bracket openclose-mid front unrounded vowel|e]]साँचा:yesno clay ɛ̃ vent Nasalized [ɛ] or [æ]
साँचा:square bracket openopen-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]]साँचा:yesno libertá festival
साँचा:square bracket openclose front unrounded vowel|i]]साँचा:yesno see ĩ Nasalized [i]
ə sofa or साँचा:sc bird œ̃ Nasalized [œ]
साँचा:square bracket openopen-mid front rounded vowel|œ]]साँचा:yesno similar to साँचा:sc bird
साँचा:square bracket openclose-mid front rounded vowel|ø]]साँचा:yesno similar to bird
साँचा:square bracket openclose-mid back rounded vowel|o]]साँचा:yesno sole ɔ̃ Nasalized [ɔ] or [ɒ]
साँचा:square bracket openopen-mid back rounded vowel|ɔ]]साँचा:yesno sort
साँचा:square bracket openclose back rounded vowel|u]]साँचा:yesno zoo ũ Nasalized [u]
साँचा:square bracket openclose front rounded vowel|y]]साँचा:yesno blu similar to cute Nasalized [y]
Other symbols used for Franco-Provençal
IPA Explanation
ˈ Primary stress (placed before the stressed syllable)
Always falls on one of the final two syllables.

Notes

  1. There appears to be considerable variation among [t͡s], [t͡ʃ], [ʃ], and [c], as a result of the palatalization of /t/.
  2. There appears to be considerable variation among [d͡z], [d͡ʒ], [ʒ], and [ɟ], as a result of the palatalization of /d/.
  3. Varies in realization. [h], [x], and [ç] all occur.
  4. Varies in realization.

See also