विकिपिडिया:IPA for Swedish and Norwegian

मुक्त ज्ञानकोश विकिपीडिया से
नेविगेशन पर जाएँ खोज पर जाएँ
The printable version is no longer supported and may have rendering errors. Please update your browser bookmarks and please use the default browser print function instead.

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Swedish and Norwegian pronunciations in Wikipedia articles.

See Swedish phonology and Norwegian phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of these languages. Examples in the table are Swedish unless otherwise noted.

Consonants
IPA Examples Nearest English equivalent
Swed.
Flag of Sweden.svg		 Norw.
Flag of Norway.svg
साँचा:square bracket openघोष द्वयोष्ठ्य स्पर्श|b]]साँचा:yesno abort ('abortion') about
साँचा:square bracket openvoiceless alveolo-palatal sibilant|ɕ]]साँचा:yesno साँचा:square bracket openvoiceless palatal fricative|ç]]साँचा:yesno Kina ('China') she (Swedish), hue (Norwegian)
साँचा:square bracket openvoiced alveolar plosive|d]]साँचा:yesno dag do
साँचा:square bracket openvoiced retroflex plosive|ɖ]]साँचा:yesno[१] nord ('north') order
साँचा:square bracket openvoiceless labiodental fricative|f]]साँचा:yesno fot ('foot') fold
साँचा:square bracket openvoiced velar plosive|ɡ]]साँचा:yesno god ('good') ago
साँचा:square bracket openvoiceless glottal fricative|h]]साँचा:yesno hatt ('hat') hoot
साँचा:square bracket opensje-sound|ɧ]]साँचा:yesno[२] साँचा:square bracket openअघोष पश्वर्त्स्य संघर्षी|ʃ]]साँचा:yesno Swedish: sjok ('chunk'), Norwegian: sjø ('sea')
 loch etc. (Swedish)
shoe (Norwegian)
साँचा:square bracket openpalatal approximant|j]]साँचा:yesno jojo ('yo-yo') you
साँचा:square bracket openvoiceless velar plosive|k]]साँचा:yesno kafé ('café') coo
साँचा:square bracket openalveolar lateral approximant|l]]साँचा:yesno lake (Norwegian: 'brine', Norwegian and Swedish: 'burbot') love
साँचा:square bracket openretroflex lateral approximant|ɭ]]साँचा:yesno[१] Karl (male first name) twirl
साँचा:square bracket openbilabial nasal|m]]साँचा:yesno man ('mane') mood
साँचा:square bracket openवर्त्स्य नासिक्य|n]]साँचा:yesno natt ('night') noon
साँचा:square bracket openमूर्धन्य नासिक्य|ɳ]]साँचा:yesno[१] barn ('child') turner
साँचा:square bracket openकण्ठ्य नासिक्य|ŋ]]साँचा:yesno ting ('thing') long
साँचा:square bracket openअघोष द्वयोष्ठ्य स्पर्श|p]]साँचा:yesno pappa ('father') pool
साँचा:square bracket openalveolar trill|r]]साँचा:yesno[३] år ('year') A flapped or trilled R.
साँचा:square bracket openvoiceless alveolar sibilant|s]]साँचा:yesno sabel ('sabre') soon
साँचा:square bracket openvoiceless retroflex sibilant|ʂ]]साँचा:yesno[१] torsdag ('Thursday') marshal (in some dialects)
साँचा:square bracket openvoiceless alveolar plosive|t]]साँचा:yesno torsdag ('Thursday') too
साँचा:square bracket openvoiceless retroflex plosive|ʈ]]साँचा:yesno[१] parti ('political party') cartel
साँचा:square bracket openvoiced labiodental fricative|v]]साँचा:yesno साँचा:square bracket openlabiodental approximant|ʋ]]साँचा:yesno vaktel ('quail') vote in Swedish;
between v and w in Norwegian
Vowels
IPA Examples Nearest English equivalent
Swed.
Flag of Sweden.svg		 Norw.
Flag of Norway.svg
ɑː mat [ˈmɑːt] "food" bra
साँचा:square bracket openopen front unrounded vowel|a]]साँचा:yesno साँचा:square bracket openopen back unrounded vowel|ɑ]]साँचा:yesno fast [ˈfast]/[ˈfɑst] "steady, unmoving" father
æː[४] ära [æːra]/"ære" [æːre] "honor" Australian ham
साँचा:square bracket opennear-open front unrounded vowel|æ]]साँचा:yesno[४] fersk [ˈfæʂːk] "fresh" trap
eː hel [ˈheːl] "whole" Scottish save
ɛː häl [ˈhɛːl] "heel" there
साँचा:square bracket openopen-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]]साँचा:yesno häll/helle [ˈhɛl] "flat rock" hell
iː sil [ˈsiːl] "sieve" leaf
साँचा:square bracket opennear-close near-front unrounded vowel|ɪ]]साँचा:yesno sill/sild [ˈsɪl]/[ˈsɪl(d)] "herring" hill
oː mål [ˈmoːl] "goal" Scottish/Canadian stove
साँचा:square bracket openopen-mid back rounded vowel|ɔ]]साँचा:yesno moll [ˈmɔl] "minor" (music) moll, with round lips
øː dö/dø ['døː] "die" No English equivalent; German long ö
साँचा:square bracket openopen-mid front rounded vowel|œ]]साँचा:yesno nött [ˈnœt] "worn" in Swedish
nøtt "nut" in Norwegian 		No English equivalent; German short ö
œː[४] öra [œːra] "ear" British learn or fur
साँचा:square bracket openclose-mid central rounded vowel|ɵ]]साँचा:yesno साँचा:square bracket openclose central rounded vowel|ʉ]]साँचा:yesno full [ˈfɵl] "full" bird, with tight lips[५]
uː[५] bot [ˈbuːt] "penance" boot
ʉː[५] ful [ˈfʉːl] "ugly, cunning, sly" fuel, Australian food, with tight lips[६]
साँचा:square bracket opennear-close near-back vowel|ʊ]]साँचा:yesno[५] bott [ˈbʊt] "lived" in Swedish put, with tight lips
yː[५] syl [ˈsyːl] "awl" No English equivalent; French u
साँचा:square bracket opennear-close near-front rounded vowel|ʏ]]साँचा:yesno[५] syll [ˈsʏl] "sleeper" (railroad) in Swedish;
fylle "fill" in Norwegian 		No English equivalent; German short ü
unstressed
साँचा:square bracket openmid-central vowel|ə]]साँचा:yesno begå [bəˈgoː] "commit" about
Stress and tone
IPA Examples
Swedish
ˈa [ˈandɛn]
"the duck" 		Tone 1 / acute accent:
• Single stress with single falling tone in Stockholm: [ˈândɛn]
• Low tone [ˈà] in Oslo and falling tone [ˈâ] in western Norway
ˈa.ˈa [ˈanˈdɛn]
"the spirit" 		Tone 2 / grave accent:
• Double stress with double falling tone in Stockholm: [ˈânˈdɛ̂n]
• Falling tone [ˈâ] in Oslo and rising-falling tone in western Norway

Notes

साँचा:reflist

Bibliography

  • Duden 6: Das Aussprachewörterbuch (3d edition, 1990, ISBN 3-411-20916-X).
  1. ↑ अ आ इ ई उ In many of the dialects that have an apical rhotic consonant, a recursive Sandhi process of retroflexion occurs wherein clusters of /r/ and dental consonants /rd/, /rl/, /rn/, /rs/, /rt/ produce retroflex consonant realizations: [ɖ], [ɭ], [ɳ], [ʂ], [ʈ]. In dialects with a guttural R, such as Southern Swedish and many Southern and Western Norwegian dialects these are [ʀd], [ʀl], [ʀn], [ʀs], [ʀt].
  2. ↑ Swedish /ɧ/ is a regionally variable sound, sometimes [xʷ], [ɸˠ], or [ʂ]
  3. ↑ /r/ is regionally variable, being alveolar in some dialects and uvular in others.
  4. ↑ अ आ इ Before /r/, the quality of non-high front vowels is changed in Swedish. /ɛː/ and /ɛ/ lower to [æ]; /øː/, and /œ/ are lowered to [œ̞], though the diacritic is not included in the chart above for simplicity.
  5. ↑ अ आ इ ई उ ऊ Vowels spelled u, o are compressed vowels. Those spelled ö/ø, y, å, on the other hand, are protruded vowels.
  6. ↑ [ʉː] is a central vowel in Oslo, but a front vowel in Stockholm.
"https://hiwiki.iiit.ac.in/index.php?title=विकिपिडिया:IPA_for_Swedish_and_Norwegian&oldid=119102" से लिया गया