तत्वों की विद्युत प्रतिरोधकता के आंकड़े

तत्वों की विद्युत चालकता यहाँ दी गयी है-

ताप (T)	80 K (-193 °C)	273 K (0 °C)	293 K (20 °C)	298 K (25 °C)	300 K (27 °C)	500 K (227 °C)
3 Li लिथियम
use	10.0 nΩm	85.3 nΩm	92.8 nΩm	94.7 nΩm	95.5 nΩm
CRC (10−8 Ωm)	1.00	8.53	9.28	9.47	9.55
LNG (10−8 Ωm)			9.28
WEL (10−8 Ωm)	(293 K–298 K) 9.4
4 Be बेरिलियम
use	0.75 nΩm	30.2 nΩm	35.6 nΩm	37.0 nΩm	37.6 nΩm	99 nΩm
CRC (10−8 Ωm)	0.075	3.02	3.56	3.70	3.76	9.9
LNG (10−8 Ωm)			3.56
WEL (10−8 Ωm)	(293 K–298 K) 4
5 B बोरॉन
use			1.5×104 Ωm
LNG (10−8 Ωm)			1.5×1012
WEL (10−8 Ωm)	(293 K–298 K) > 1012
6 C कार्बन (हीरा)
use
LNG (10−8 Ωm)			0.8 [sic]
6 C कार्बन (graphite)
use
LNG (10−8 Ωm)			1375
WEL (10−8 Ωm)	(293 K–298 K) about 1000 - direction dependent
11 Na sodium
use	8.0 nΩm	43.3 nΩm	47.7 nΩm	48.8 nΩm	49.3 nΩm
CRC (10−8 Ωm)	0.80	4.33	4.77	4.88	4.93
LNG (10−8 Ωm)			4.77
WEL (10−8 Ωm)	(293 K–298 K) 4.7
12 Mg magnesium
use	5.57 nΩm	40.5 nΩm	43.9 nΩm	44.8 nΩm	45.1 nΩm	78.6 nΩm
CRC (10−8 Ωm)	0.557	4.05	4.39	4.48	4.51	7.86
LNG (10−8 Ωm)			4.39
WEL (10−8 Ωm)	(293 K–298 K) 4.4
13 Al aluminium
use	2.45 nΩm	24.17 nΩm	26.50 nΩm	27.09 nΩm	27.33 nΩm	49.9 nΩm
CRC (10−8 Ωm)	0.245	2.417	2.650	2.709	2.733	4.99
LNG (10−8 Ωm)			2.6548
WEL (10−8 Ωm)	(293 K–298 K) 2.65
14 Si silicon
use
LNG (10−8 Ωm)			105
WEL (10−8 Ωm)	(293 K–298 K) about 100000
15 P phosphorus
use
LNG (10−8 Ωm)			(white) 10 [sic]
WEL (10−8 Ωm)	(293 K–298 K) 10
16 S sulfur
use			(amorphous) 2×1015 Ωm
LNG (10−8 Ωm)			(amorphous) 2×1023
WEL (10−8 Ωm)	(293 K–298 K) > 1023
17 Cl chlorine
use			> 10 Ωm
LNG (10−8 Ωm)			>109
WEL (10−8 Ωm)	(293 K–298 K) > 1010
19 K potassium
use	13.4 nΩm	64.9 nΩm	72.0 nΩm	73.9 nΩm	74.7 nΩm
CRC (10−8 Ωm)	1.34	6.49	7.20	7.39	7.47
LNG (10−8 Ωm)			7.2
WEL (10−8 Ωm)	(293 K–298 K) 7
20 Ca calcium
use	6.5 nΩm	31.1 nΩm	33.6 nΩm	34.2 nΩm	34.5 nΩm	60. nΩm
CRC (10−8 Ωm)	0.65	3.11	3.36	3.42	3.45	6.0
LNG (10−8 Ωm)			3.36
WEL (10−8 Ωm)	(293 K–298 K) 3.4
21 Sc scandium
use	(room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) calculated 562 nΩm
CRC (10−8 Ωm)	(290 K–300 K) 56.2
CR2 (10−8 Ωm)	(room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) 70.9
CR2 (10−8 Ωm)	(room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) 26.9
CR2 (10−8 Ωm)	(room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) calculated from single crystal values 56.2
LNG (10−8 Ωm)			56.2
WEL (10−8 Ωm)	(293 K–298 K) 55
22 Ti titanium
use		0.39 µΩm	0.420 µΩm
CRC (10−8 Ωm)		39
LNG (10−8 Ωm)			42.0
WEL (10−8 Ωm)	(293 K–298 K) 40
23 V vanadium
use	24.1 nΩm	181 nΩm	197 nΩm	201 nΩm	202 nΩm	348 nΩm
CRC (10−8 Ωm)	2.41	18.1	19.7	20.1	20.2	34.8
LNG (10−8 Ωm)			19.7
WEL (10−8 Ωm)	(293 K–298 K) 20
24 Cr chromium
use		118 nΩm	125 nΩm	126 nΩm	127 nΩm	201 nΩm
CRC (10−8 Ωm)		11.8	12.5	12.6	12.7	20.1
LNG (10−8 Ωm)			12.5
WEL (10−8 Ωm)	(293 K–298 K) 12.7
25 Mn manganese
use	1.32 µΩm	1.43 µΩm	1.44 µΩm	1.44 µΩm	1.44 µΩm	1.49 µΩm
CRC (10−8 Ωm)	132	143	144	144	144	149
LNG (10−8 Ωm)			144
WEL (10−8 Ωm)	(293 K–298 K) 160
26 Fe iron
use	6.93 nΩm	85.7 nΩm	96.1 nΩm	98.7 nΩm	99.8 nΩm	237 nΩm
CRC (10−8 Ωm)	0.693	8.57	9.61	9.87	9.98	23.7
LNG (10−8 Ωm)			9.61
WEL (10−8 Ωm)	(293 K–298 K) 9.7
27 Co cobalt
use		56 nΩm	62.4 nΩm
CRC (10−8 Ωm)		5.6
LNG (10−8 Ωm)			6.24
WEL (10−8 Ωm)	(293 K–298 K) 6
28 Ni nickel
use	5.45 nΩm	61.6 nΩm	69.3 nΩm	71.2 nΩm	72.0 nΩm	177 nΩm
CRC (10−8 Ωm)	0.545	6.16	6.93	7.12	7.20	17.7
LNG (10−8 Ωm)			6.93
WEL (10−8 Ωm)	(293 K–298 K) 7
29 Cu copper
use	2.15 nΩm	15.43 nΩm	16.78 nΩm	17.12 nΩm	17.25 nΩm	30.90 nΩm
CRC (10−8 Ωm)	0.215	1.543	1.678	1.712	1.725	3.090
LNG (10−8 Ωm)			1.678
WEL (10−8 Ωm)	(293 K–298 K) 1.7
30 Zn zinc
use	11.5 nΩm	54.6 nΩm	59.0 nΩm	60.1 nΩm	60.6 nΩm	108.2 nΩm
CRC (10−8 Ωm)	1.15	5.46	5.90	6.01	6.06	10.82
LNG (10−8 Ωm)			5.9
WEL (10−8 Ωm)	(293 K–298 K) 5.9
31 Ga gallium
use
CRC (10−8 Ωm)		13.6
LNG (10−8 Ωm)	(30 °C) 25.795
WEL (10−8 Ωm)	(293 K–298 K) 14
32 Ge germanium
use
LNG (10−8 Ωm)			53000
WEL (10−8 Ωm)	(293 K–298 K) about 50000
33 As arsenic
use			333 nΩm
LNG (10−8 Ωm)			33.3
WEL (10−8 Ωm)	(293 K–298 K) 30
34 Se selenium
use
LNG (10−8 Ωm)		(amorphous) 1.2 [sic]
WEL (10−8 Ωm)	(293 K–298 K) high
35 Br bromine
use			7.8×1010 Ωm
LNG (10−8 Ωm)			7.8×1018
WEL (10−8 Ωm)	(293 K–298 K) > 1018
37 Rb rubidium
use	26.5 nΩm	115 nΩm	128 nΩm	131 nΩm	133 nΩm
CRC (10−8 Ωm)	2.65	11.5	12.8	13.1	13.3
LNG (10−8 Ωm)			12.8
WEL (10−8 Ωm)	(293 K–298 K) 12
38 Sr strontium
use	36.4 nΩm	123 nΩm	132 nΩm	134 nΩm	135 nΩm	222 nΩm
CRC (10−8 Ωm)	3.64	12.3	13.2	13.4	13.5	22.2
LNG (10−8 Ωm)			13.2
WEL (10−8 Ωm)	(293 K–298 K) 13
39 Y yttrium
use	(room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 596 nΩm
CRC (10−8 Ωm)	(290 K–300 K) 59.6
CR2 (10−8 Ωm)	(room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) 72.5
CR2 (10−8 Ωm)	(room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) 35.5
CR2 (10−8 Ωm)	(room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 59.6
LNG (10−8 Ωm)			59.6
WEL (10−8 Ωm)	(293 K–298 K) 56
40 Zr zirconium
use	66.4 nΩm	388 nΩm	421 nΩm	429 nΩm	433 nΩm	765 nΩm
CRC (10−8 Ωm)	6.64	38.8	42.1	42.9	43.3	76.5
LNG (10−8 Ωm)			42.1
WEL (10−8 Ωm)	(293 K–298 K) 42
41 Nb niobium
use		152 nΩm
CRC (10−8 Ωm)		15.2
LNG (10−8 Ωm)		15.2
WEL (10−8 Ωm)	(293 K–298 K) 15
42 Mo molybdenum
use	4.82 nΩm	48.5 nΩm	53.4 nΩm	54.7 nΩm	55.2 nΩm	106 nΩm
CRC (10−8 Ωm)	0.482	4.85	5.34	5.47	5.52	10.6
LNG (10−8 Ωm)			5.34
WEL (10−8 Ωm)	(293 K–298 K) 5
43 Tc technetium
use
LNG (10−8 Ωm)	(100 °C) 22.6
WEL (10−8 Ωm)	(293 K–298 K) 20
44 Ru ruthenium
use		71 nΩm
CRC (10−8 Ωm)		7.1
LNG (10−8 Ωm)		7.1
WEL (10−8 Ωm)	(293 K–298 K) 7.1
45 Rh rhodium
use		43.3 nΩm
CRC (10−8 Ωm)		4.3
LNG (10−8 Ωm)		4.33
WEL (10−8 Ωm)	(293 K–298 K) 4.3
46 Pd palladium
use	17.5 nΩm	97.8 nΩm	105.4 nΩm	107.3 nΩm	108.0 nΩm	179.4 nΩm
CRC (10−8 Ωm)	1.75	9.78	10.54	10.73	10.80	17.94
LNG (10−8 Ωm)			10.54
WEL (10−8 Ωm)	(293 K–298 K) 10
47 Ag silver
use	2.89 nΩm	14.67 nΩm	15.87 nΩm	16.17 nΩm	16.29 nΩm	28.7 nΩm
CRC (10−8 Ωm)	0.289	1.467	1.587	1.617	1.629	2.87
LNG (10−8 Ωm)			1.587
WEL (10−8 Ωm)	(293 K–298 K) 1.6
48 Cd cadmium
use		68 nΩm
use	(22 °C) 72.7 nΩm
CRC (10−8 Ωm)		6.8
LNG (10−8 Ωm)	(22 °C) 7.27
WEL (10−8 Ωm)	(293 K–298 K) 7
49 In indium
use		0.080 µΩm	83.7 nΩm
CRC (10−8 Ωm)		8.0
LNG (10−8 Ωm)			8.37
WEL (10−8 Ωm)	(293 K–298 K) 8
50 Sn tin
use		115 nΩm
CRC (10−8 Ωm)		11.5
LNG (10−8 Ωm)		11.5
WEL (10−8 Ωm)	(293 K–298 K) 11
51 Sb antimony
use		0.39 µΩm	417 nΩm
CRC (10−8 Ωm)		39
LNG (10−8 Ωm)			41.7
WEL (10−8 Ωm)	(293 K–298 K) 40
52 Te tellurium
use
LNG (10−8 Ωm)			(5.8–33)×10³
WEL (10−8 Ωm)	(293 K–298 K) about 10000
53 I iodine
use		1.3×107 Ωm
LNG (10−8 Ωm)		1.3×1015
WEL (10−8 Ωm)	(293 K–298 K) > 1015
55 Cs caesium
use	41.6 nΩm	187 nΩm	205 nΩm	208 nΩm	210 nΩm
CRC (10−8 Ωm)	4.16	18.7	20.5	20.8	21.0
LNG (10−8 Ωm)			20.5
WEL (10−8 Ωm)	(293 K–298 K) 20
56 Ba barium
use	68.3 nΩm	302 nΩm	332 nΩm	0.340 µΩm	343 nΩm	724 nΩm
CRC (10−8 Ωm)	6.83	30.2	33.2	34.0	34.3	72.4
LNG (10−8 Ωm)			33.2
WEL (10−8 Ωm)	(293 K–298 K) 35
57 La lanthanum
use	(room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 615 nΩm
CRC (10−8 Ωm)	(290 K–300 K) 61.5
CR2 (10−8 Ωm)	(room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 61.5
LNG (10−8 Ωm)			61.5
WEL (10−8 Ωm)	(293 K–298 K) 61
58 Ce cerium (beta, hex)
use	(room temperature) (beta, polycrystalline) 828 nΩm
CRC (10−8 Ωm)	(beta, hex) (290 K–300 K) 82.8
CR2 (10−8 Ωm)	(room temperature) (beta, polycrystalline) 82.8
LNG (10−8 Ωm)			(beta, hex) 82.8
58 Ce cerium (gamma, cubic)
use	(room temperature) (gamma, polycrystalline) 744 nΩm
CRC (10−8 Ωm)				74.4
CR2 (10−8 Ωm)	(room temperature) (gamma, polycrystalline) 74.4
WEL (10−8 Ωm)	(293 K–298 K) 74
59 Pr praseodymium
use	(room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 0.700 µΩm
CRC (10−8 Ωm)	(290 K–300 K) 70.0
CR2 (10−8 Ωm)	(room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 70.0
LNG (10−8 Ωm)			70.0
WEL (10−8 Ωm)	(293 K–298 K) 70
60 Nd neodymium
use	(room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 643 nΩm
CRC (10−8 Ωm)	(290 K–300 K) 64.3
CR2 (10−8 Ωm)	(room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 64.3
LNG (10−8 Ωm)			64.3
WEL (10−8 Ωm)	(293 K–298 K) 64
61 Pm promethium
use	(room temperature) estimated 0.75 µΩm
CRC (10−8 Ωm)	(290 K–300 K) 75 est.
CR2 (10−8 Ωm)	(room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 75 estimated
LNG (10−8 Ωm)				64.0
WEL (10−8 Ωm)	(293 K–298 K) 75
62 Sm samarium
use	(room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 0.940 µΩm
CRC (10−8 Ωm)	(290 K–300 K) 94.0
CR2 (10−8 Ωm)	(room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 94.0
LNG (10−8 Ωm)			94.0
WEL (10−8 Ωm)	(293 K–298 K) 94
63 Eu europium
use	(room temperature) (polycrystalline) 0.900 µΩm
CRC (10−8 Ωm)	(290 K–300 K) 90.0
CR2 (10−8 Ωm)	(room temperature) (polycrystalline) 90.0
LNG (10−8 Ωm)			90.0
WEL (10−8 Ωm)	(293 K–298 K) 90
64 Gd gadolinium
use	(room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 1.310 µΩm
CRC (10−8 Ωm)	(290 K–300 K) 131
CR2 (10−8 Ωm)	(room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) 135.1
CR2 (10−8 Ωm)	(room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) 121.7
CR2 (10−8 Ωm)	(room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 131.0
LNG (10−8 Ωm)			131
WEL (10−8 Ωm)	(293 K–298 K) 130
65 Tb terbium
use	(room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 1.150 µΩm
CRC (10−8 Ωm)	(290 K–300 K) 115
CR2 (10−8 Ωm)	(room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) 123.5
CR2 (10−8 Ωm)	(room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) 101.5
CR2 (10−8 Ωm)	(room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 115.0
LNG (10−8 Ωm)			115
WEL (10−8 Ωm)	(293 K–298 K) 120
66 Dy dysprosium
use	(room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 926 nΩm
CRC (10−8 Ωm)	(290 K–300 K) 92.6
CR2 (10−8 Ωm)	(room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) 111.0
CR2 (10−8 Ωm)	(room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) 76.6
CR2 (10−8 Ωm)	(room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 92.6
LNG (10−8 Ωm)			92.6
WEL (10−8 Ωm)	(293 K–298 K) 91
67 Ho holmium
use	(room temperature) (polycrystalline) 814 nΩm
CRC (10−8 Ωm)	(290 K–300 K) 81.4
CR2 (10−8 Ωm)	(room temperature) (amorphous) 101.5
CR2 (10−8 Ωm)	(room temperature) (crystalline) 60.5
CR2 (10−8 Ωm)	(room temperature) (polycrystalline) 81.4
LNG (10−8 Ωm)			81.4
WEL (10−8 Ωm)	(293 K–298 K) 94
68 Er erbium
use	(room temperature) (polycrystalline) 0.860 µΩm
CRC (10−8 Ωm)	(290 K–300 K) 86.0
CR2 (10−8 Ωm)	(room temperature) (amorphous) 94.5
CR2 (10−8 Ωm)	(room temperature) (crystalline) 60.3
CR2 (10−8 Ωm)	(room temperature) (polycrystalline) 86.0
LNG (10−8 Ωm)			86.0
WEL (10−8 Ωm)	(293 K–298 K) 86
69 Tm thulium
use	(room temperature) (polycrystalline) 676 nΩm
CRC (10−8 Ωm)	(290 K–300 K) 67.6
CR2 (10−8 Ωm)	(room temperature) (amorphous) 88.0
CR2 (10−8 Ωm)	(room temperature) (crystalline) 47.2
CR2 (10−8 Ωm)	(room temperature) (polycrystalline) 67.6
LNG (10−8 Ωm)			67.6
WEL (10−8 Ωm)	(293 K–298 K) 70
70 Yb ytterbium
use	(room temperature) (beta, polycrystalline) 0.250 µΩm
CRC (10−8 Ωm)	(290 K–300 K) 25.0
CR2 (10−8 Ωm)	(room temperature) (beta, polycrystalline) 25.0
LNG (10−8 Ωm)			25
WEL (10−8 Ωm)	(293 K–298 K) 28
71 Lu lutetium
use	(room temperature) (polycrystalline) 582 nΩm
CRC (10−8 Ωm)	(290 K–300 K) 58.2
CR2 (10−8 Ωm)	(room temperature) (amorphous) 76.6
CR2 (10−8 Ωm)	(room temperature) (crystalline) 34.7
CR2 (10−8 Ωm)	(room temperature) (polycrystalline) 58.2
LNG (10−8 Ωm)			58.2
WEL (10−8 Ωm)	(293 K–298 K) 56
72 Hf hafnium
use	67.5 nΩm	304 nΩm	331 nΩm	337 nΩm	0.340 µΩm	631 nΩm
CRC (10−8 Ωm)	6.75	30.4	33.1	33.7	34.0	63.1
LNG (10−8 Ωm)			33.1
WEL (10−8 Ωm)	(293 K–298 K) 30
73 Ta tantalum
use	26.2 nΩm	122 nΩm	131 nΩm	134 nΩm	135 nΩm	229 nΩm
CRC (10−8 Ωm)	2.62	12.2	13.1	13.4	13.5	22.9
LNG (10−8 Ωm)			13.5
WEL (10−8 Ωm)	(293 K–298 K) 13
74 W tungsten
use	6.06 nΩm	48.2 nΩm	52.8 nΩm	53.9 nΩm	54.4 nΩm	103 nΩm
CRC (10−8 Ωm)	0.606	4.82	5.28	5.39	5.44	10.3
LNG (10−8 Ωm)			5.28
WEL (10−8 Ωm)	(293 K–298 K) 5
75 Re rhenium
use		172 nΩm	193 nΩm
CRC (10−8 Ωm)		17.2
LNG (10−8 Ωm)			19.3
WEL (10−8 Ωm)	(293 K–298 K) 18
76 Os osmium
use		81.2 nΩm
CRC (10−8 Ωm)		8.1
LNG (10−8 Ωm)		8.12
WEL (10−8 Ωm)	(293 K–298 K) 8.1
77 Ir iridium
use		47 nΩm	47.1 nΩm
CRC (10−8 Ωm)		4.7
LNG (10−8 Ωm)			4.71
WEL (10−8 Ωm)	(293 K–298 K) 4.7
78 Pt platinum
use	19.22 nΩm	96 nΩm	105 nΩm	107 nΩm	108 nΩm	183 nΩm
CRC (10−8 Ωm)	1.922	9.6	10.5	10.7	10.8	18.3
LNG (10−8 Ωm)			10.6
WEL (10−8 Ωm)	(293 K–298 K) 10.6
79 Au gold
use	4.81 nΩm	20.51 nΩm	22.14 nΩm	22.55 nΩm	22.71 nΩm	39.7 nΩm
CRC (10−8 Ωm)	0.481	2.051	2.214	2.255	2.271	3.97
LNG (10−8 Ωm)			2.214
WEL (10−8 Ωm)	(293 K–298 K) 2.2
80 Hg mercury
use				961 nΩm
CRC (10−8 Ωm)				96.1
LNG (10−8 Ωm)	(solid) 21
LNG (10−8 Ωm)	(liquid) 95.8
WEL (10−8 Ωm)	(293 K–298 K) 96
81 Tl thallium
use		0.15 µΩm	0.18 µΩm
CRC (10−8 Ωm)		15
LNG (10−8 Ωm)			18
WEL (10−8 Ωm)	(293 K–298 K) 15
82 Pb lead
use	49 nΩm	192 nΩm	208 nΩm	211 nΩm	213 nΩm	383 nΩm
CRC (10−8 Ωm)	4.9	19.2	20.8	21.1	21.3	38.3
LNG (10−8 Ωm)			20.8
WEL (10−8 Ωm)	(293 K–298 K) 21
83 Bi bismuth
use		1.07 µΩm	1.29 µΩm
CRC (10−8 Ωm)		107
LNG (10−8 Ωm)			129
WEL (10−8 Ωm)	(293 K–298 K) 130
84 Po polonium
use		(alpha) 0.40 µΩm
CRC (10−8 Ωm)		40
LNG (10−8 Ωm)		(alpha) 40.0
WEL (10−8 Ωm)	(293 K–298 K) 43
88 Ra radium
use			1 µΩm
LNG (10−8 Ωm)			100
WEL (10−8 Ωm)	(293 K–298 K) 100
90 Th thorium
use		147 nΩm
use	(22 °C) 15.4
CRC (10−8 Ωm)		14.7
LNG (10−8 Ωm)	(22 °C) 15.4
WEL (10−8 Ωm)	(293 K–298 K) 15
91 Pa protactinium
use		177 nΩm
use	(22 °C) 19.1
CRC (10−8 Ωm)		17.7
LNG (10−8 Ωm)	(22 °C) 19.1
WEL (10−8 Ωm)	(293 K–298 K) 18
92 U uranium
use		0.280 µΩm
CRC (10−8 Ωm)		28
LNG (10−8 Ωm)		28.0
WEL (10−8 Ωm)	(293 K–298 K) 28
93 Np neptunium
use	(22 °C) 1.220 µΩm
LNG (10−8 Ωm)	(22 °C) 122.0
WEL (10−8 Ωm)	(293 K–298 K) 120
94 Pu plutonium
use		1.460 µΩm
LNG (10−8 Ωm)		146.0
WEL (10−8 Ωm)	(293 K–298 K) 150
T	80 K (-193 °C)	273 K (0 °C)	293 K (20 °C)	298 K (25 °C)	300 K (27 °C)	500 K (227 °C)

सन्दर्भ

WEL

As quoted at https://web.archive.org/web/20140104110225/http://webelements.com/ from these sources:

• G.W.C. Kaye and T. H. Laby in Tables of physical and chemical constants, Longman, London, UK, 15th edition, 1993.
• A.M. James and M.P. Lord in Macmillan's Chemical and Physical Data, Macmillan, London, UK, 1992.
• D.R. Lide, (ed.) in Chemical Rubber Company handbook of chemistry and physics, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA, 79th edition, 1998.
• J.A. Dean (ed) in Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, McGraw-Hill, New York, USA, 14th edition, 1992.

CRC

As quoted from various sources in an online version of:

• David R. Lide (ed), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 84th Edition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida, 2003; Section 12, Properties of Solids; Electrical Resistivity of Pure Metals

CR2

As quoted in an online version of:

• David R. Lide (ed), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 84th Edition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida, 2003; Section 4, Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds; Physical Properties of the Rare Earth Metals

which further refers to:

• Beaudry, B. J. and Gschneidner, K.A., Jr., in Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths, Vol. 1, Gschneidner, K.A., Jr. and Eyring, L., Eds., North-Holland Physics, Amsterdam, 1978, 173.
• McEwen, K.A., in Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths, Vol. 1, Gschneidner, K.A., Jr. and Eyring, L., Eds., North-Holland Physics, Amsterdam, 1978, 411.

LNG

As quoted from:

• J.A. Dean (ed), Lange's Handbook of Chemistry (15th Edition), McGraw-Hill, 1999; Section 4, Table 4.1 Electronic Configuration and Properties of the Elements