hiwiki:IPA for Polish

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The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Polish language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles.

All voiced obstruents साँचा:nowrap are devoiced (so /d/ becomes [t], etc.) at the ends of words and in clusters ending in any unvoiced obstruents साँचा:nowrap. The voiceless obstruents are voiced (/x/ becoming [ɣ], etc.) in clusters ending in any voiced obstruent except /v, ʐ/, which are themselves devoiced in this case.

See Polish phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Polish.

Consonants
IPA Polish English approximation
साँचा:square bracket openघोष द्वयोष्ठ्य स्पर्श|b]]साँचा:yesno b bike
साँचा:square bracket openvoiceless alveolo-palatal sibilant|ɕ]]साँचा:yesno ś, s(i)[१] she
साँचा:square bracket openvoiced alveolar plosive|d]]साँचा:yesno d door
साँचा:square bracket openvoiced alveolar affricate|dz]]साँचा:yesno[२] dz beds
साँचा:square bracket openvoiced alveolo-palatal affricate|dʑ]]साँचा:yesno[२] dź, dz(i)[१] jeep[३]
साँचा:square bracket openvoiced retroflex affricate|dʐ]]साँचा:yesno [२] dż jug[३]
साँचा:square bracket openvoiceless labiodental fricative|f]]साँचा:yesno f feist
साँचा:square bracket openvoiced velar plosive|ɡ]]साँचा:yesno g girl
ɡʲ g(i)[१] argue
साँचा:square bracket openpalatal approximant|j]]साँचा:yesno j, i[१] yes
साँचा:square bracket openvoiceless velar plosive|k]]साँचा:yesno k scam
kʲ k(i)[१] skew
साँचा:square bracket openalveolar lateral approximant|l]]साँचा:yesno l lion
साँचा:square bracket openbilabial nasal|m]]साँचा:yesno m[४] mile
साँचा:square bracket openवर्त्स्य नासिक्य|n]]साँचा:yesno n[४] Nile
साँचा:square bracket openतालव्य नासिक्य|ɲ]]साँचा:yesno ń, n(i)[४][१] canyon
साँचा:square bracket openकण्ठ्य नासिक्य|ŋ]]साँचा:yesno[५] n[४] bank
साँचा:square bracket openअघोष द्वयोष्ठ्य स्पर्श|p]]साँचा:yesno p spike
साँचा:square bracket openalveolar trill|r]]साँचा:yesno r (Spanish) rojo
साँचा:square bracket openvoiceless alveolar sibilant|s]]साँचा:yesno s sign
साँचा:square bracket openvoiceless retroflex sibilant|ʂ]]साँचा:yesno sz shore[३]
साँचा:square bracket openvoiceless alveolar plosive|t]]साँचा:yesno t stow
साँचा:square bracket openvoiceless alveolo-palatal affricate|tɕ]]साँचा:yesno[२] ć, c(i)[१] cheer[३]
साँचा:square bracket openvoiceless alveolar affricate|ts]]साँचा:yesno[२] c cats
साँचा:square bracket openvoiceless retroflex affricate|tʂ]]साँचा:yesno[२] cz child[३]
साँचा:square bracket openvoiced labiodental fricative|v]]साँचा:yesno w vile
साँचा:square bracket openvoiced labio-velar approximant|w]]साँचा:yesno ł way
साँचा:square bracket openvoiceless velar fricative|x]]साँचा:yesno ch, h loch (Scottish)
xʲ h(i)[१] huge
साँचा:square bracket openvoiced alveolar sibilant|z]]साँचा:yesno z zebra
साँचा:square bracket openvoiced alveolo-palatal sibilant|ʑ]]साँचा:yesno ź, z(i)[१] vision, azure[३]
साँचा:square bracket openvoiced retroflex sibilant|ʐ]]साँचा:yesno ż, rz
Vowels
IPA Polish English approximation
साँचा:square bracket openopen front unrounded vowel|a]]साँचा:yesno a Between cat and car
साँचा:square bracket openopen-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]]साँचा:yesno e bed
साँचा:square bracket opennasal vowel|ɛ̃]]साँचा:yesno ę[४] French vin
साँचा:square bracket openclose front unrounded vowel|i]]साँचा:yesno i[१] eat (but shorter)
साँचा:square bracket openclose central unrounded vowel|ɨ]]साँचा:yesno y Between pit and roses
साँचा:square bracket openopen-mid back rounded vowel|ɔ]]साँचा:yesno o walk, saw
साँचा:square bracket opennasal vowel|ɔ̃]]साँचा:yesno ą[४] French mon
साँचा:square bracket openclose back rounded vowel|u]]साँचा:yesno u, ó boot (but shorter)
Other symbols used for Polish
IPA Explanation
ˈ Primary stress (placed before the stressed syllable).
Usually the penultimate syllable of a word.

Notes

साँचा:reflist

See also

  1. ↑ अ आ इ ई उ ऊ ए ऐ ओ औ The letter ‹i›, when followed by a vowel, either represents a pronunciation like a ‹j› or a "soft" pronunciation of the preceding consonant (so pies is pronounced as if it were spelt ‹pjes›).
    It has the same effect as an acute accent on alvoelar consonants (‹s›, ‹z›, ‹c›, ‹dz›, ‹n›). So się, cios and niania are pronounced as if they were spelt ‹śę›, ‹ćos›, ‹ńańa›. A following ‹i› also softens consonants when it is itself pronounced as a vowel, so for example zima, ci and dzisiaj are pronounced as if spelled ‹źima›, ‹ći›, ‹dźiśaj›.
  2. ↑ अ आ इ ई उ ऊ Affricates such as /ts/ and /dʐ/) are correctly written with tie-bars: /t͡s/, /d͡ʐ/. The tie-bars are omitted in the above chart, as they do not display correctly in all browsers. Nonetheless, Polish does contrast affricates with stop + fricative clusters, like czysta [ˈt͡ʂɨsta] "clean" versus trzysta [ˈtʂɨsta] "three hundred".
  3. ↑ अ आ इ ई उ ऊ Polish makes contrasts between retroflex and alveolo-palatal consonants, both of which sound like the English postalveolars /ʃ ʒ tʃ dʒ/ The retroflex sounds are pronounced "hard" with the front of the tongue raised, and the alveolo-palatal sounds are "soft" with the middle of the tongue raised, adding a bit of a ‹y› or ‹ee› sound to them.
  4. ↑ अ आ इ ई उ ऊ The letters ‹ą› and ‹ę› represent the nasal vowels /ɔ̃, ɛ̃/, except when followed by a stop or affricate, where they represent oral vowels /ɔ, ɛ/ followed by a nasal consonant homorganic with the following stop or affricate (e.g. kąt [ˈkɔnt], gęba [ˈɡɛmba], ręka [ˈrɛŋka], piszący [pʲiˈʂɔnt͡sɨ], pieniądze [pʲeˈɲɔnd͡zɛ], pięć [ˈpʲeɲt͡ɕ], jęczy [ˈjɛnt͡ʂɨ]).
  5. ↑ Allophone of /n/ before a velar /ɡ, k, x/.
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