hiwiki:IPA for Korean

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The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Korean language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles, based on the standard dialect of South Korea.

See Korean phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Korean.

Korean consonants

IPA Hangul RR trans. English equivalent Notes
साँचा:square bracket openघोष द्वयोष्ठ्य स्पर्श|b]]साँचा:yesno ㅂ[१] b ball between voiced sounds
साँचा:square bracket openvoiceless alveolo-palatal sibilant|ɕ]]साँचा:yesno ㅅ s she before [i] or [j]
ɕ͈ ㅆ ss — before [i] or [j]
साँचा:square bracket openvoiced alveolar plosive|d]]साँचा:yesno ㄷ[२] d doll between voiced sounds
साँचा:square bracket openvoiced alveolo-palatal affricate|dʑ]]साँचा:yesno ㅈ j gee between voiced sounds
साँचा:square bracket openvoiced velar plosive|ɡ]]साँचा:yesno ㄱ g gall between voiced sounds
साँचा:square bracket openvoiceless glottal fricative|h]]साँचा:yesno ㅎ h hall
साँचा:square bracket openpalatal approximant|j]]साँचा:yesno साँचा:nowrap
साँचा:nowrap[३]		 y y’all Spelled by doubling the short line on the vowel.
साँचा:square bracket openvoiceless velar plosive|k]]साँचा:yesno ㄱ, ㅋ g, k skin ㅋ is [k] at the end of a syllable.
k͈ ㄲ kk — tense [k]
kʰ ㅋ, ㅎㄱ k call
साँचा:square bracket openalveolar lateral approximant|l]]साँचा:yesno ㄹ, ㄴ l lip ㄹ is [l] at the end of a syllable.
ㄹㄴ and ㄴㄹ may be [ll].
साँचा:square bracket openbilabial nasal|m]]साँचा:yesno ㅁ, ㅂ m mall ㅂ is [m] before [n] or [m].
साँचा:square bracket openवर्त्स्य नासिक्य|n]]साँचा:yesno ㄴ, ㄹ,
साँचा:nowrap		 n not ㄹ may be [n] at the start of a word.
ㄷ, ㅅ, ㅈ are [n] before [n] or [m].
साँचा:square bracket openकण्ठ्य नासिक्य|ŋ]]साँचा:yesno ㅇ, ㄱ ng king ㅇ is only [ŋ] at the end of a syllable.
ㄱ is [ŋ] before [n], [m] or [ɾ]
साँचा:square bracket openअघोष द्वयोष्ठ्य स्पर्श|p]]साँचा:yesno ㅂ[१], ㅍ b, p span ㅍ is [p] at the end of a syllable.
p͈ ㅃ[१] pp — tense [p]
pʰ ㅍ[१], ㅎㅂ p pall
साँचा:square bracket openवर्त्स्य उत्क्षिप्त|ɾ]]साँचा:yesno ㄹ r — A flap, like Scots r or American ladder, between vowels
साँचा:square bracket openvoiceless alveolar sibilant|s]]साँचा:yesno ㅅ[२] s Saul [s] with almost no sibilance
s͈ ㅆ ss — tense [s]
साँचा:square bracket openvoiceless alveolar plosive|t]]साँचा:yesno ㄷ[२]
साँचा:nowrap		 d
t		 stall All are [t] and RR t at the end of a syllable.
t͈ ㄸ tt — tense [t]
tʰ ㅌ[२], ㅎㄷ t tall
साँचा:square bracket openvoiceless alveolo-palatal affricate|tɕ]]साँचा:yesno ㅈ j itchy
tɕ͈ ㅉ jj — tense [tɕ]
tɕʰ ㅊ, ㅎㅈ ch cheek
साँचा:square bracket openvoiced labio-velar approximant|w]]साँचा:yesno ㅜ, ㅗ w wall spelled ㅜ before [ʌ], [e], [i];
ㅗ before [ɛ], [e],* [a]
*ㅚ is pronounced [we] by most, but as the rounded ö vowel [ø] by some older speakers.

Korean vowels

IPA Hangul RR trans. Notes
साँचा:square bracket openopen front unrounded vowel|a]]साँचा:yesno ㅏ a spa
aː
साँचा:square bracket openclose-mid front unrounded vowel|e]]साँचा:yesno ㅔ e Similar to the beginning of the diphthong in main
eː
साँचा:square bracket openopen-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]]साँचा:yesno ㅐ ae met; similar to e for young speakers.
ɛː
साँचा:square bracket openclose front unrounded vowel|i]]साँचा:yesno ㅣ i mean
iː
साँचा:square bracket openclose-mid back rounded vowel|o]]साँचा:yesno ㅗ o Spanish o or French eau
oː
साँचा:square bracket openclose back rounded vowel|u]]साँचा:yesno ㅜ u moon
uː
साँचा:square bracket openopen-mid back unrounded vowel|ʌ]]साँचा:yesno ㅓ eo young (these are pronounced [ɔ], as in more, in North Korea)
əː
साँचा:square bracket openclose back unrounded vowel|ɯ]]साँचा:yesno ㅡ eu Separate sound in Standard Korean; similar to eo for many dialects.
ɯː

Korean diphthongs

IPA Hangul RR trans. Notes
ɰi ㅢ ui Only occurs in the first syllable of a word.

Sounds not written in hangul

IPA Explanation
ː Long vowel. Long [ʌ] is əː. Young speakers in Seoul do not use length consistently, if at all.
 ́ High tone, on any one syllable or the first two; used outside Seoul.

See also

References

साँचा:reflist

Bibliography

  • IPA (1949, 51, etc.). "The Principles of IPA". London.
  • Lee, H.B. (1971). "Preliminary Version of Korean Phonetic Alphabet" (in Korean), HanGeul Haghoe (the Korean Language SocietY), Seoul.
  • Lee, H.B. (1981), "IPA and Korean Phonetic Alphabet" (in Korean), Gwahagsa, Seoul.
  • Lee, H.B. (1992), "International Korean Phonetic Alphabet - Theory and Application-" .(in Korean) "Malsori" No. 21-24, The Phonetic Society of Korea.
  • Lee, H.B. (1999), "International Korean Phonetic Alphabet for Computers", International Conference on the Computer Processing of Korean Language, Yanbi an, China.
  • Lee, H.B. (1999). An IPA Illustration of Korean, Handbook of the International Phonetic Association. IPA.
  • Lee, Hyun-Bok (1999) "Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: a guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet", Cambridge University Press, pp.121–123 ISBN 0521637511
  • Lee, Hyun-Bok (2004) "In search of a universal phonetic alphabet - theory and application of an organic visible speech-", In INTERSPEECH-2004, paper P3.
  • Sohn, Ho-min, (2006) "Korean language in culture and society" KLEAR textbooks in Korean language, University of Hawaii Press, pp.4–5. ISBN 0824826949

External links

  1. ↑ अ आ इ ई Sohn, (2001), p.2
  2. ↑ अ आ इ ई Sohn, (2001), p.3
  3. ↑ Lee, (2002), p.3
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