hiwiki:IPA for Russian

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The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Russian language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles.

See Russian phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Russian.

IPA Examples IPA Examples[१] English equivalents
Consonants
साँचा:square bracket openघोष द्वयोष्ठ्य स्पर्श|b]]साँचा:yesno бок; небо bʲ белый; воробей boot; beautiful
साँचा:square bracket openvoiced alveolar plosive|d]]साँचा:yesno дом; деда dʲ делает; Владимир do; dew (for some dialects)
साँचा:square bracket openvoiceless labiodental fricative|f]]साँचा:yesno фата; выставка;[२] Чехов;[३] шурф fʲ фея; червь[३] fool; few
साँचा:square bracket openvoiced velar plosive|ɡ]]साँचा:yesno говорю; другой ɡʲ гербарий; ноги goo; argue
साँचा:square bracket openvoiced velar fricative|ɣ]]साँचा:yesno Господь, Господи;[४] interj. ага, ого[४]
साँचा:square bracket openpalatal approximant|j]]साँचा:yesno есть; юла; я; толстый [५] yes, boy
साँचा:square bracket openvoiceless velar plosive|k]]साँचा:yesno кость; книга; рука; бок kʲ кишки; короткий cool; cute
साँचा:square bracket openalveolar lateral approximant|l]]साँचा:yesno луна; стула ; ствол[६] lʲ лес; колено; мысль pill; least
साँचा:square bracket openbilabial nasal|m]]साँचा:yesno мыло; думать; там mʲ мясо; доме moot; mute
साँचा:square bracket openवर्त्स्य नासिक्य|n]]साँचा:yesno нос; он nʲ нёс; они; корень noon; newt (for some dialects)
साँचा:square bracket openअघोष द्वयोष्ठ्य स्पर्श|p]]साँचा:yesno пыль; стопа; скрип; зуб[३] pʲ пепел; зыбь[३] pool; pew
साँचा:square bracket openalveolar trill|r]]साँचा:yesno рыба; широкий; орла; жир rʲ река; четыре; три; зверь trilled r, like in Spanish
साँचा:square bracket openvoiceless alveolar sibilant|s]]साँचा:yesno собака; писать; нос; глаз[३] sʲ синий; здесь; есть; грызть[२] soup; super (for some dialects)
साँचा:square bracket openvoiceless retroflex sibilant|ʂ]]साँचा:yesno широкий; наш; хороший; муж;[३] что साँचा:square bracket openvoiceless alveolo-palatal sibilant|ɕɕ]]साँचा:yesno щегол; считать; мужчина; вращать [७] shop; fresh cheese, fish show
साँचा:square bracket openvoiceless alveolar plosive|t]]साँचा:yesno тот; читаю; водка;[२] лёд[३] tʲ тереть; дитя; грудь[३] tool; tune (for some dialects)
साँचा:square bracket openvoiceless alveolar affricate|t͡s]]साँचा:yesno цель; птица; отец साँचा:square bracket openvoiceless alveolo-palatal affricate|t͡ɕ]]साँचा:yesno чай; печень; течь tsunami, cats; chip
साँचा:square bracket openvoiced labiodental fricative|v]]साँचा:yesno ваш; давать; его[८] vʲ вести; человек voodoo; view
साँचा:square bracket openvoiceless velar fricative|x]]साँचा:yesno ходить; ухо; Бог[४] xʲ хина; лёгкий[२][४] bach; huge (for some dialects).
साँचा:square bracket openvoiced alveolar sibilant|z]]साँचा:yesno заезжать; язык zʲ зелёный; озеро; просьба;[२] zoo; azure (for some dialects)
साँचा:square bracket openvoiced retroflex sibilant|ʐ]]साँचा:yesno жест; тяжёлый साँचा:square bracket openvoiced alveolo-palatal sibilant|ʑʑ]]साँचा:yesno дрожжи; заезжать[९] rouge; asia
IPA Examples English equivalent
Stressed vowels
साँचा:square bracket openopen front unrounded vowel|a]]साँचा:yesno трава́ ton
साँचा:square bracket opennear-open front unrounded vowel|æ]]साँचा:yesno пять pat
साँचा:square bracket openopen back unrounded vowel|ɑ]]साँचा:yesno па́лка [१०] palm
साँचा:square bracket openclose-mid front unrounded vowel|e]]साँचा:yesno пень pay
साँचा:square bracket openopen-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]]साँचा:yesno жест met
साँचा:square bracket openclose front unrounded vowel|i]]साँचा:yesno си́него meet
साँचा:square bracket openclose central unrounded vowel|ɨ]]साँचा:yesno ты roses (for some dialects)
साँचा:square bracket openclose-mid back rounded vowel|o]]साँचा:yesno о́блако chore
साँचा:square bracket openclose-mid central rounded vowel|ɵ]]साँचा:yesno тётя audio
साँचा:square bracket openclose back rounded vowel|u]]साँचा:yesno пу́ля moon
साँचा:square bracket openclose central rounded vowel|ʉ]]साँचा:yesno чуть choose
Unstressed vowels
साँचा:square bracket opennear-open central vowel|ɐ]]साँचा:yesno паро́м; сообража́ть; тропа́ bud
साँचा:square bracket openmid-central vowel|ə]]साँचा:yesno ко́жа; ше́я; о́блако about
साँचा:square bracket opennear-close near-front unrounded vowel|ɪ]]साँचा:yesno тяжёлый; эта́п; четы́ре bit
साँचा:square bracket openclose central unrounded vowel|ɨ]]साँचा:yesno дыша́ть; жена́; го́ды dinner
साँचा:square bracket openclose central rounded vowel|ʉ]]साँचा:yesno юти́ться youth
साँचा:square bracket opennear-close near-back vowel|ʊ]]साँचा:yesno мужчи́на put
Other symbols used in transcription of Russian pronunciation
IPA Explanation
ˈ Stress (placed before the stressed syllable),
for example этап [ɪˈtap]

Notes

  1. ↑ Russian makes contrasts between palatalized ("soft") and unpalatalized ("hard") consonants. Palatalized consonants, denoted by a superscript j, ‹ ʲ› , are pronounced with the body of the tongue raised toward the hard palate, in a manner similar to the articulation of the y sound in yes. /j/, /ɕɕ/, /tɕ/, /ʑʑ/ are also considered "soft".
  2. ↑ अ आ इ ई उ In consonant clusters, the voicing or devoicing is determined by that of the final obstruent in the sequence (Halle 1959:31)
  3. ↑ अ आ इ ई उ ऊ ए ऐ Voiced obstruents (/b/, /bʲ/, /d/, /dʲ/ /ɡ/, /v/, /vʲ/, /z/, /zʲ/, /ʐ/, and /ʑʑ/) are devoiced word-finally unless the next word begins with a voiced obstruent (Halle 1959:22).
  4. ↑ अ आ इ ई In some religious words such as Бог and Господь, as well as interjections, ‹г› and ‹к› represent [ɣ] and [x], respectively. When /ɡ/ loses its voicing, it is also lenited (a form of dissimilation) before plosives in some words.
  5. ↑ The "soft" vowel letters <е> <ю> and <я> represent a /j/ plus a vowel when initial or following other vowels or a yer. When such vowels are unstressed, the /j/ may be deleted.
  6. ↑ /l/ is often strongly pharyngealized but this feature is nondistinctive (Ladefoged & Maddieson 1996:187-188).
  7. ↑ While some speakers pronounce words with ‹щ› as [ɕɕ] and others as [ɕtɕ], none contrast the two pronunciations. This generally includes words spelled with other letters, though speakers with the [ɕɕ] pronunciation may still pronounce words like считывать with [ɕtɕ] because of the morpheme boundary between ‹с› and ‹ч›.
  8. ↑ Intervocalic <г> can represent /v/ in certain words and affixes
  9. ↑ The phoneme /ʑʑ/ is in many dialects is replaced with /ʐ/.
  10. ↑ [ɑ] appears between a hard consonant (or a pause) and /l/

See also

References

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