hiwiki:IPA for Vietnamese का स्रोत देखें

{{IPAkeys}}
The charts below show the way in which the [[International Phonetic Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)]] represents [[Vietnamese language]] pronunciations in Wikipedia articles.  There are two major standards, one of [[Hanoi]] and one of [[Saigon]]. Each makes distinctions that the other does not; represented here are the central dialects that make the distinctions of both. Following the examples are common alternate transcriptions of these sounds in the IPA for comparison. 

See [[Vietnamese phonology]] for a more thorough look at the sounds of Vietnamese.

{| style="background: none"
|-----
| valign="top" |
{| class="wikitable"
![[Help:IPA|IPA]] !! Examples
|-
! colspan=4| [[Consonant]]s
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|ʔ}}</big>
| '''-'''
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|ɓ}}</big>
| '''b''' {{IPA|[ʔb]}}
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|c}}</big>
| '''ch''' {{IPAblink|tɕ}} (Saigon final {{IPAblink|t}} after ''e/i/y'' <ref name=FV>The [[front vowel]]s ({{IPAblink|i}}, {{IPAblink|e}}, {{IPAblink|ɛ}}, {{IPAblink|j}}) which are based on the letters ''e, i,'' and ''y.''</ref>)
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|ɗ}}</big>
| '''đ''' {{IPA|[ʔd]}}
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|f}}</big>
|'''ph'''
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|h}}</big>
|'''h'''
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|j}}</big>
|'''y''' (may follow all vowels but ''e/i/y'' <ref name=FV/>)
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|k}}</big>
|'''c''', '''q'''u
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|kp}}</big>
|'''c''' (after ''u, ô)'' {{IPA|[kʷ]}}
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|l}}</big>
|'''l'''
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|m}}</big>
|'''m'''
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|n}}</big>
|'''n''' (Saigon final {{IPAblink|ŋ}} after ''a/o/u'' <ref name=BV>The non-front vowels, which are based on the letters ''a, o,'' and ''u.''</ref>)
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|ɲ}}</big>
|'''nh''' (Saigon final {{IPAblink|n}} after after ''e/i/y'' <ref name=FV/>)
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|ŋ}}</big>
|'''ng'''
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|ŋm}}</big>
|'''ng''' (after ''u, ô)'' {{IPA|[ŋʷ]}}
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|p}}</big>
| '''p'''
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|s}}</big>
|'''x'''
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|ʂ}}
|'''s''' (Hanoi {{IPAblink|s}})
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|t}}</big>
| '''t''' (Saigon final {{IPAblink|k}} after ''a/o/u'' <ref name=BV/>)
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPA|tʰ}}</big>
|'''th'''
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|ʈʂ}}</big>
|'''tr''' {{IPAblink|ʈ}} (Hanoi {{IPAlink|c}})
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|v}}</big>
| '''v''' (Saigon {{IPAblink|j}})
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|w}}</big>
| '''u''' (Hanoi initial {{IPA|[ʔw]}}) (may follow all vowels but ''a/o/u'' <ref name=BV/>)
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|x}}</big>
| '''kh''' 
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|ɣ}}</big>
|'''g''' (before ''a/o/u'' <ref name=BV/>), '''gh''' (before ''e/i/y'' <ref name=FV/>)
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|z}}
| '''d''' (Saigon {{IPAblink|j}})
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|ʐ}}</big>
|'''r''' (Hanoi {{IPAlink|z}})
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|ʒ}}</big>
|'''g''' (before ''e/i'' <ref name=FV/>)
|}
| valign="top" | 
{| class="wikitable"
! [[Help:IPA|IPA]]
! Examples
|-
!colspan=2| [[Monophthong]]s
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|a}}</big>
| '''ă''' {{IPAblink|ɐ}}
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPA|aː}}</big>
| '''a''' {{IPA|[ɐː]}}
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|e}}</big>
| '''ê'''
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|ɛ}}</big>
| '''e'''
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|ə}}</big>
| '''â''' {{IPA|[ɜ]}}
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPA|əː}}</big>
| '''ơ''' {{IPA|[ɤː]}}
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|i}}</big>
| '''i''', '''y'''
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|ɨ}}</big>
| '''ư''' {{IPA|[ɯ]}}
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|o}}</big>
| '''ô'''
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|ɔ}}</big>
| '''o'''
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|u}}</big>
| '''u'''
|}
{| class="wikitable"
! IPA
! Examples
|-
! colspan=2 | [[Diphthong]]s
|-
|align=center|<big>{{IPA|iə}}</big>
| '''iê''', final '''ia'''
|-
|align=center|<big>{{IPA|ɯə}}</big>
| '''ươ''', final '''ưa''' {{IPA|[ɉə]}}
|-
|align=center|<big>{{IPA|uə}}</big>
| '''uô''', final '''ua'''
|-
|align=center|<big>{{IPA|Vj}}</big>
| (see {{IPA|/j/}} above)
|-
|align=center|<big>{{IPA|Vw}}</big>
| (see {{IPA|/w/}} above)
|-
|align=center|<big>{{IPA|CʷiV}}</big>
| '''uy''': ''khuyên''
|}
{| class="wikitable"
! IPA
! Examples
|-
! colspan=2 | [[Tone]]s
|-
|align=center|<big>{{IPA|a ə}}</big>
| '''a''' (Hanoi {{IPA|[˧]}}, Saigon {{IPA|[˧]}})
|-
|align=center|<big>{{IPA|â ə̂}}</big>
| '''à''' (Hanoi {{IPA|[˧˩]}}, Saigon {{IPA|[˧˩]}})
|-
|align=center|<big>{{IPA|ǎ ə̌}}</big>
| '''á''' (Hanoi {{IPA|[˧ˀ˥]}}, Saigon {{IPA|[˧˥]}})
|-
|align=center|<big>{{IPA| a᷉     ə᷉   }}</big><ref>This is a dipping tone. It looks similar to {{IPA|  ã ə̃  }}   ({{IPA|[&nbsp;   ̃    &nbsp;]}}   ([[Nasalization|nasalized]] mark). The dipping tone differs only in being angular in shape, but is not widely supported by IPA fonts.</ref>
| '''ả''' (Hanoi {{IPA|[˧˩˧]}}, Saigon {{IPA|[˧˩˧]}})
|-
|align=center|<big>{{IPA|ǎˀ ə̌ˀ}}</big>
| '''ã''' (Hanoi {{IPA|[˧ˀ˥]}}, Saigon {{IPA|[˧˩˧]}})
|-
|align=center|<big>{{IPA|âˀ ə̂ˀ}}</big>
| '''ạ''' (Hanoi {{IPA|[˧ˀ˩]}}, Saigon {{IPA|[˧˩˧ˀ]}})
|-
|align=center|<big>{{IPA|ə́k}}</big><ref name=entering>Before a final /p, t, c, k/, the six tones of Vietnamese are reduced to two.</ref>
| '''ấc''' (Hanoi {{IPA|[]}}, Saigon {{IPA|[]}})
|-
|align=center|<big>{{IPA|ə̀k}}</big><ref name=entering/>
| '''ậc''' (Hanoi {{IPA|[˨]}}, Saigon {{IPA|[]}})
|} 
|}

==Notes==
<references/>

[[Category:Wikipedia IPA|Vietnamese]]