hiwiki:IPA for Polish का स्रोत देखें

{{IPAkeys}}
The charts below show the way in which the [[International Phonetic Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)]] represents [[Polish language]] pronunciations in Wikipedia articles.  

All [[Voice (phonetics)|voiced]] [[obstruent]]s {{nowrap|{{IPA|/b, d, ɡ, v, z, ʐ, ʑ, dʐ, dʑ/}}}} are devoiced (so {{IPA|/d/}} becomes {{IPAblink|t}}, etc.) [[Final obstruent devoicing|at the ends of words]] and [[Consonant voicing and devoicing|in clusters]] ending in any unvoiced obstruents {{nowrap|{{IPA|/p, t, k, f, s, x, ʂ, ɕ, tʂ, tɕ/}}}}.  The voiceless obstruents are voiced ({{IPA|/x/}} becoming {{IPAblink|ɣ}}, etc.) in clusters ending in any voiced obstruent except {{IPA|/v, ʐ/}}, which are themselves devoiced in this case.

See [[Polish phonology]] for a more thorough look at the sounds of Polish.

{| style="background: none"
|-----
| valign="top" |
{| class="IPA wikitable" style="margin: 1em; text-align: center;"
! colspan=3| [[Consonant]]s
|-
! [[Wikipedia:IPA|IPA]] !! [[Polish alphabet|Polish]]!! English approximation
|-
| <big>{{IPAlink|b}}</big>
| b
|align=left|'''b'''ike
|-
| <big>{{IPAlink|ɕ}}</big>
| ś, s(i)<ref name="soften"/>  
|align=left|'''sh'''e
|-
| <big>{{IPAlink|d}}</big>
| d
|align=left|'''d'''oor
|-
| <big>{{IPAlink|dz}}</big><ref name="affricate"/>
| dz 
|align=left|be'''ds'''
|-
| <big>{{IPAlink|dʑ}}</big><ref name="affricate"/>
| dź, dz(i)<ref name="soften"/> 
|align=left|'''j'''eep''<ref name="postalveolar"/>
|-
| <big>{{IPAlink|dʐ}}</big> <ref name="affricate"/>
| dż
|align=left|'''j'''ug<ref name="postalveolar"/> 
|-
| <big>{{IPAlink|f}}</big>
| f
|align=left|'''f'''eist
|-
| <big>{{IPAlink|ɡ}}</big>
| g
|align=left|'''g'''irl
|-
| <big>{{IPA|ɡʲ}}</big>
| g(i)<ref name="soften"/>
|align=left|ar'''g'''ue''
|-
| <big>{{IPAlink|j}}</big>
| j, i<ref name="soften"/>
|align=left|'''y'''es
|-
| <big>{{IPAlink|k}}</big>
| k
|align=left|s'''c'''am
|-
| <big>{{IPA|kʲ}}</big>
| k(i)<ref name="soften"/>
|align=left|s'''k'''ew
|-
| <big>{{IPAlink|l}}</big>
| l
|align=left|'''l'''ion
|-
| <big>{{IPAlink|m}}</big>
| m<ref name="nasalvowel"/>
|align=left|'''m'''ile
|-
| <big>{{IPAlink|n}}</big>
| n<ref name="nasalvowel"/>
|align=left|'''N'''ile
|-
| <big>{{IPAlink|ɲ}}</big>
| ń, n(i)<ref name="nasalvowel"/><ref name="soften"/>
|align=left|ca'''ny'''on
|-
| <big>{{IPAlink|ŋ}}</big><ref>Allophone of {{IPA|/n/}} before a [[velar consonant|velar]] {{IPA|/ɡ, k, x/}}.</ref>
| n<ref name="nasalvowel"/>
|align=left|ba'''n'''k
|-
| <big>{{IPAlink|p}}</big>
| p
|align=left|s'''p'''ike
|-
| <big>{{IPAlink|r}}</big>
| r
|align=left| ''([[Spanish language|Spanish]])'' '''r'''ojo
|-
| <big>{{IPAlink|s}}</big>
| s
|align=left|'''s'''ign
|-
| <big>{{IPAlink|ʂ}}</big>
| sz
|align=left|'''sh'''ore<ref name="postalveolar"> Polish makes contrasts between [[retroflex consonant|retroflex]] and [[alveolo-palatal consonant|alveolo-palatal]] consonants, both of which sound like the English postalveolars {{IPA|/ʃ ʒ tʃ dʒ/}} The retroflex sounds are pronounced "hard" with the front of the tongue raised, and the alveolo-palatal sounds are "soft" with the middle of the tongue raised, adding a bit of a ‹y› or ‹ee› sound to them. </ref>
|-
| <big>{{IPAlink|t}}</big>
| t
|align=left|s'''t'''ow
|-
| <big>{{IPAlink|tɕ}}</big><ref name="affricate"/>
| ć, c(i)<ref name="soften">The letter ‹i›, when followed by a vowel, either represents a pronunciation like a ‹j› or a "soft" pronunciation of the preceding consonant (so ''pies'' is pronounced as if it were spelt ‹pjes›). <br>It has the same effect as an [[acute accent]] on alvoelar consonants (‹s›, ‹z›, ‹c›, ‹dz›, ‹n›). So ''się'', ''cios'' and ''niania'' are pronounced as if they were spelt ‹śę›, ‹ćos›, ‹ńańa›. A following ‹i› also softens consonants when it is itself pronounced as a vowel, so for example ''zima'', ''ci'' and ''dzisiaj'' are pronounced as if spelled ‹źima›, ‹ći›, ‹dźiśaj›.</ref> 
|align=left|'''ch'''eer''<ref name="postalveolar"/> 
|-
| <big>{{IPAlink|ts}}</big><ref name="affricate"/>
| c
|align=left|ca'''ts'''
|-
| <big>{{IPAlink|tʂ}}</big><ref name="affricate">[[Affricate consonant|Affricate]]s such as  {{IPA|/ts/}} and {{IPA|/dʐ/}}) are correctly written with tie-bars: {{IPA|/t͡s/}}, {{IPA|/d͡ʐ/}}. The tie-bars are omitted in the above chart, as they do not display correctly in all browsers.  Nonetheless, Polish does contrast affricates with stop + fricative clusters, like ''[[Media:Pl-czysta.ogg|czysta]]'' {{IPA|[ˈt͡ʂɨsta]}} "clean" versus ''[[Media:Pl-trzysta.ogg|trzysta]]'' {{IPA|[ˈtʂɨsta]}} "three hundred".</ref>
| cz
|align=left|'''ch'''ild''<ref name="postalveolar"/> 
|-
| <big>{{IPAlink|v}}</big>
| w
|align=left|'''v'''ile
|-
| <big>{{IPAlink|w}}</big>
| [[L with stroke|ł]]
|align=left|'''w'''ay
|-
| <big>{{IPAlink|x}}</big>
| ch, h
|align=left|lo'''ch''' ''(Scottish)''
|-
| <big>{{IPA|xʲ}}</big>
| h(i)<ref name="soften"/>
|align=left|'''h'''uge
|-
| <big>{{IPAlink|z}}</big>
| z
|align=left|'''z'''ebra
|-
| <big>{{IPAlink|ʑ}}</big>
| ź, z(i)<ref name="soften"/> 
|align=left rowspan=2|vi'''si'''on, a'''z'''ure<ref name="postalveolar"/> 
|-
| <big>{{IPAlink|ʐ}}</big>
| ż, rz
|}
| valign="top" |
{| class="IPA wikitable" style="margin: 1em; text-align: center;"
! colspan=3 | [[Vowel]]s
|-
! [[Wikipedia:IPA|IPA]] !! [[Polish alphabet|Polish]] !! English approximation
|-
| <big>{{IPAlink|a}}</big>
| a
|align=left| ''Between'' c'''a'''t ''and'' c'''a'''r
|-
| <big>{{IPAlink|ɛ}}</big>
| e
|align=left| b'''e'''d
|-
| <big>{{IPAlink|ɛ̃}}</big>
| [[ę]]<ref name="nasalvowel"/>
|align=left| ''French'' v'''in'''
|-
| <big>{{IPAlink|i}}</big>
| i<ref name="soften"/>
|align=left| '''ea'''t ''(but shorter)''
|-
| <big>{{IPAlink|ɨ}}</big>
| y
|align=left| ''Between'' p'''i'''t ''and'' ros'''e'''s
|-
| <big>{{IPAlink|ɔ}}</big>
| o
|align=left| w'''al'''k, s'''aw'''
|-
| <big>{{IPAlink|ɔ̃}}</big>
| [[ą]]<ref name="nasalvowel">The letters ‹[[ą]]› and ‹[[ę]]› represent the [[nasal vowel]]s {{IPA|/ɔ̃, ɛ̃/}}, except when followed by a [[stop consonant|stop]] or [[affricate consonant|affricate]], where they represent oral vowels {{IPA|/ɔ, ɛ/}} followed by a [[nasal consonant]] [[homorganic]] with the following stop or affricate (e.g. ''kąt'' {{IPA|[ˈkɔnt]}}, ''gęba'' {{IPA|[ˈɡɛmba]}}, ''ręka'' {{IPA|[ˈrɛŋka]}}, ''piszący'' {{IPA|[pʲiˈʂɔnt͡sɨ]}}, ''pieniądze'' {{IPA|[pʲeˈɲɔnd͡zɛ]}}, ''pięć'' {{IPA|[ˈpʲeɲt͡ɕ]}}, ''jęczy'' {{IPA|[ˈjɛnt͡ʂɨ]}}).</ref>
|align=left| ''French'' m'''on'''
|-
| <big>{{IPAlink|u}}</big>
| u, [[ó]]
|align=left| b'''oo'''t ''(but shorter)''
|}
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan=3 | Other symbols used for Polish
|-
! IPA !! Explanation
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ˈ}}</big>
| Primary stress (placed before the stressed syllable).<br>Usually the penultimate syllable of a word.
|}
|}

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==See also==
* [[Polish phonology]]
* [[Wikibooks:Polish/Polish pronunciation|Wikibooks: Polish pronunciation]]

[[Category:Wikipedia IPA|Polish]]