hiwiki:IPA for Mandarin का स्रोत देखें

{{IPAkeys}}
The charts below show the way in which the [[International Phonetic Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)]] represents [[Mandarin Chinese]] pronunciations in Wikipedia articles.  

See [[Mandarin phonology]] for a more thorough look at the sounds of Mandarin. Please note that English equivalents given in this page may only represent very approximate sounds to the original pronunciations.

{| style="background: none"
|-----
| valign="top" |
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan=5| [[Consonant]]s
|-
![[Help:IPA|IPA]] !! [[Pinyin]] !! [[Bopomofo]] !!English approximation
|- align=center
|<big>{{IPAlink|ɕ}}</big>|| x || ㄒ
|align=left| '''sh'''e
|- align=center
|<big>{{IPAlink|f}}</big>|| f || ㄈ
|align=left| '''f'''an
|- align=center
|<big>{{IPAlink|j}}</big>|| y-, -i- || ㄧ
|align=left| '''y'''ou
|- align=center
|<big>{{IPAlink|k}}</big>|| g || ㄍ
|align=left| s'''c'''an
|- align=center
|<big>{{IPA|kʰ}}</big>|| k || ㄎ
|align=left| '''c'''an
|- align=center
|<big>{{IPAlink|l}}</big>|| l || ㄌ
|align=left| '''l'''eaf
|- align=center
|<big>{{IPAlink|m}}</big>|| m || ㄇ
|align=left| '''m'''oon
|- align=center
|<big>{{IPAlink|n}}</big>|| n-, -n || ㄋ, ㄣ
|align=left| '''n'''oo'''n'''
|- align=center
|<big>{{IPAlink|ŋ}}</big>|| -ng || ㄥ
|align=left| so'''ng'''
|- align=center
|<big>{{IPAlink|p}}</big>|| b || ㄅ
|align=left| s'''p'''an
|- align=center
|<big>{{IPA|pʰ}}</big>|| p || ㄆ
|align=left| '''p'''an
|- align=center
|<big>{{IPAlink|ɻ}}</big>|| -r || ㄖ
|align=left| a'''r'''ia (ends syllable)
|- align=center
|<big>{{IPAlink|s}}</big>|| s || ㄙ
|align=left| '''s'''ee
|- align=center
|<big>{{IPAlink|ʂ}}</big>|| sh || ㄕ
|align=left| '''s'''ure
|- align=center
|<big>{{IPAlink|t}}</big>|| d || ㄉ
|align=left| s'''t'''and
|- align=center
|<big>{{IPA|tʰ}}</big>|| t || ㄊ
|align=left| '''t'''an
|- align=center
|<big>{{IPAlink|tɕ}}</big>|| j || ㄐ
|align=left| i'''tch'''y
|- align=center
|<big>{{IPA|tɕʰ}}</big>|| q || ㄑ
|align=left| '''ch'''eer
|- align=center
|<big>{{IPAlink|ts}}</big>|| z || ㄗ
|align=left| ca'''ts'''
|- align=center
|<big>{{IPA|tsʰ}}</big>|| c || ㄘ
|align=left| '''ts'''unami
|- align=center
|<big>{{IPAlink|tʂ}}</big>|| zh || ㄓ
|align=left| pi'''tch'''er
|- align=center
|<big>{{IPA|tʂʰ}}</big>|| ch || ㄔ
|align=left| '''ch'''urch
|- align=center
|<big>{{IPAlink|w}}</big>|| w-, -u- || ㄨ
|align=left| '''w'''ater
|- align=center
|<big>{{IPAlink|x}}</big>|| h || ㄏ
|align=left| '''h'''ouse or lo'''ch'''
|- align=center
|<big>{{IPAlink|ɥ}}</big>|| yu-, -ü-<ref name="v">''ü'' ({{IPA|[y], [ɥ]}}) is spelled ''u'' after j, q, x as {{IPA|[u], [w]}} cannot occur after these consonants.</ref> || ㄩ
|align=left| (simultaneous ''y'' and ''w'')
|- align=center
|<big>{{IPAlink|ʐ}}</big>|| r- || ㄖ
|align=left| '''Zs'''a '''Zs'''a (starts syllable)
|}
| valign="top" | 
{| class=" wikitable"
!colspan=4| [[Vowel]]s
|-
! [[Help:IPA|IPA]] !! [[Pinyin]] !! [[Bopomofo]] !! English approximation
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|a}}</big>|| a ''(a, an)'' || ㄚ, ㄢ
| Somewhat like c'''a'''r
|-
|<big>{{IPA|aɪ}}</big>|| ai || ㄞ
| t'''i'''me
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|ɑ}}</big>|| a ''(ang)'', e ''(er)'' || ㄤ, ㄦ
| c'''a'''r
|-
|<big>{{IPA|ɑʊ}}</big>|| ao || ㄠ
| h'''ow'''
|-
|<big>{{IPA|eɪ}}</big>|| ei<ref name="short form">''wei, you, wen'' are spelled ''ui, iu, un'' respectively in pinyin, but pronounced identically, when preceded by a consonant.</ref>|| ㄟ
| h'''ey'''
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|ɛ}}</big>|| e ''(ye)'', a ''(yan, yuan)'' || ㄝ,ㄧㄢ , ㄩㄢ
| y'''e'''s
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|œ}}</big>|| e ''(yue)'' || ㄩㄝ
| No English equivalent; Rounded {{IPAblink|ɛ}}
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|ə}}</big>|| e ''(en<ref name="short form"/>, eng)'' || ㄣ, ㄥ
| '''a'''bout
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|ɤ}}</big>|| e || ㄜ
| Somewhat like h'''oo'''d
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|i}}</big>|| yi/-i ''(yi, yin, ying)'' || ㄧ
| s'''ee'''
|-
|<big>{{IPA|ɨ}}</big>
| i ''(si, zi, ci, shi, zhi, chi, ri)'' (buzzing)<ref>Slightly "buzzing" vowels. In ''shi, zhi, chi, ri,'' the vowel is also retracted: {{IPA|[ɨ˞]}}, rather like the ''ir'' in US English ''bird.'' These are sometimes transcribed as syllabic fricatives ({{IPA|[z̩], [ʐ̩]}}), but there is little frication.</ref> || ㄭ
|-
|<big>{{IPA|oʊ}}</big>|| ou<ref name="short form"/> || ㄡ
| h'''oe'''
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|ɔ}}</big> || o ''(wo<ref>''uo'' is spelled ''o'' when preceded by b, p, m or f; however, it is pronounced similarly.</ref>)'' || ㄛ
| w'''a'''r
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|u}}</big> || wu/-u || ㄨ
| w'''oo'''
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|ʊ}}</big> || o ''(ong)'' || ㄨㄥ
| h'''oo'''d
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|y}}</big> || yu/-ü<ref name="v"/> ''(yu, yun)'' || ㄩ
| Somewhat like c'''u'''te
|-
! colspan="4"| [[Nasal vowel|Nasal]]<ref>Only occurs in [[erhua]] and generally not considered part of the main vowel inventory.</ref>
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPA|ɑ̃}}</big>
| ang ''(angr)'' ||
| No English equivalent; nasal {{IPAblink|ɑ}}
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPA|ə̃}}</big>
| eng ''(engr)'' ||
| No English equivalent; nasal {{IPAblink|ə}}
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPA|ʊ̃}}</big>
| ong ''(ongr)'' ||
| No English equivalent.  Nasal {{IPAblink|ʊ}}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
! IPA
! Pinyin
! Description
|-
! colspan=3 | [[Tone (linguistics)|Tone]]s
|-
|align=center|<big>{{IPA|ǎ ɤ̌}}</big>
| á, é  
| mid rising: {{IPA|˧˥}}
|-
|align=center|<big>{{IPA|â ɤ̂}}</big>
| à, è  
| high falling: {{IPA|˥˩}}
|-
|align=center|<big>{{IPA|á ɤ́}}</big>
| ā, ē
| high: {{IPA|˥}}
|-
|align=center|<big>{{IPA|à, ɤ̀}}</big>
| ǎ, ě
| medially, low: {{IPA|˩}} <br>initially, mid falling: {{IPA|˧˩}} <br>finally, low rising: {{IPA|˩˧}} <br>in isolation, dipping: {{IPA|˧˩˧}}
|-
|align=center|<big>{{IPA|a, ɤ}}</big>
| a, e
| "toneless": <br>low after a falling tone {{IPA|[â]}}; <br>mid after all other tones
|} 
|}

==Notes==
<references/>

[[Category:Wikipedia IPA|Mandarin]]