hiwiki:IPA for Korean का स्रोत देखें

{{IPAkeys}}
__NOTOC__
The charts below show the way in which the [[International Phonetic Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)]] represents [[Korean language]] pronunciations in Wikipedia articles, based on the [[Korean dialects#Standard dialects|standard dialect of South Korea]].

See [[Korean phonology]] for a more thorough look at the sounds of Korean.

{|
|-----
| valign="top" |
{| class="IPA wikitable"
! colspan="5"|

===Korean [[consonant]]s===
|-
! IPA
! Hangul
! <small>[[Revised Romanization of Korean|RR trans.]]</small>
! English equivalent
! Notes
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|b}}</big>|| ㅂ<ref name="Sohn 2001 p.2">Sohn, (2001), p.2</ref> || b || '''''b'''all'' || between voiced sounds
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|ɕ}}</big>|| ㅅ || s || '''''sh'''e'' || before {{IPAblink|i}} or {{IPAblink|j}}
|-	
|align="center"|<big>{{IPA|ɕ͈}}</big>|| ㅆ || ss || — || before {{IPAblink|i}} or {{IPAblink|j}}
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|d}}</big>|| ㄷ<ref name="Sohn 2001 p.3" /> || d || '''''d'''oll'' || between voiced sounds
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|dʑ}}</big>|| ㅈ || j || '''''g'''ee'' || between voiced sounds
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|ɡ}}</big>|| ㄱ || g || '''''g'''all'' || between voiced sounds
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|h}}</big>|| ㅎ || h || '''''h'''all'' ||
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|j}}</big>|| {{nowrap|ㅖ, ㅒ, ㅑ,}}<br>{{nowrap|ㅛ, ㅠ, ㅕ}}<ref>Lee, (2002), p.3</ref> || y || '''''y'''’all'' || Spelled by doubling the short line on the vowel.
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|k}}</big>|| ㄱ, ㅋ || g, k || ''s'''k'''in'' || ㅋ is {{IPAblink|k}} at the end of a syllable.
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPA|k͈}}</big>|| ㄲ || kk || — || tense {{IPAblink|k}}
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPA|kʰ}}</big>|| ㅋ, ㅎㄱ || k || '''''c'''all'' ||
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|l}}</big>|| ㄹ, ㄴ || l || '''''l'''ip'' || ㄹ is {{IPAblink|l}} at the end of a syllable.<br>ㄹㄴ and ㄴㄹ may be {{IPA|[ll]}}.
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|m}}</big>|| ㅁ, ㅂ || m || '''''m'''all'' || ㅂ is {{IPAblink|m}} before {{IPAblink|n}} or {{IPAblink|m}}.
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|n}}</big>|| ㄴ, ㄹ,<br>{{nowrap|ㄷ, ㅅ, ㅈ}} || n || '''''n'''ot'' || ㄹ may be {{IPAblink|n}} at the start of a word.<br>ㄷ, ㅅ, ㅈ are {{IPAblink|n}} before {{IPAblink|n}} or {{IPAblink|m}}.
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|ŋ}}</big>|| ㅇ, ㄱ || ng || ''ki'''ng''''' || ㅇ is only {{IPAblink|ŋ}} at the end of a syllable.<br>ㄱ is {{IPAblink|ŋ}} before {{IPAblink|n}}, {{IPAblink|m}} or {{IPAblink|ɾ}}
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|p}}</big>|| ㅂ<ref name="Sohn 2001 p.2" />, ㅍ || b, p || ''s'''p'''an'' || ㅍ is {{IPAblink|p}} at the end of a syllable.
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPA|p͈}}</big>|| ㅃ<ref name="Sohn 2001 p.2" /> || pp || — || tense {{IPAblink|p}}
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPA|pʰ}}</big>|| ㅍ<ref name="Sohn 2001 p.2" />, ㅎㅂ || p || '''''p'''all'' ||
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|ɾ}}</big>|| ㄹ || r || — || A [[alveolar flap|flap]], like Scots ''r'' or American ''la'''dd'''er,'' between vowels
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|s}}</big>|| ㅅ<ref name="Sohn 2001 p.3" /> || s || '''''S'''aul'' || {{IPAblink|s}} with almost no [[Sibilant consonant|sibilance]]
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPA|s͈}}</big>|| ㅆ || ss || — || tense {{IPAblink|s}}
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|t}}</big>|| ㄷ<ref name="Sohn 2001 p.3">Sohn, (2001), p.3</ref><br>{{nowrap|ㄷ, ㅌ<ref name="Sohn 2001 p.3" />, ㅅ, ㅈ, ㅊ}} || d<br>t || ''s'''t'''all'' || All are [t] and RR ''t'' at the end of a syllable.
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPA|t͈}}</big>|| ㄸ || tt || — || tense {{IPAblink|t}}
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPA|tʰ}}</big>|| ㅌ<ref name="Sohn 2001 p.3" />, ㅎㄷ || t || '''''t'''all'' ||
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|tɕ}}</big>|| ㅈ || j || ''i'''tch'''y'' ||
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPA|tɕ͈}}</big>|| ㅉ || jj || — || tense {{IPAblink|tɕ}}
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPA|tɕʰ}}</big>|| ㅊ, ㅎㅈ || ch || '''''ch'''eek'' ||
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|w}}</big>|| ㅜ, ㅗ || w || '''''w'''all'' || spelled ㅜ before {{IPAblink|ʌ}}, {{IPAblink|e}}, {{IPAblink|i}};<br>ㅗ before {{IPAblink|ɛ}}, {{IPAblink|e}},* {{IPAblink|a}}
|-
|  || colspan=4| *ㅚ is pronounced [we] by most, but as the rounded ''ö'' vowel {{IPAblink|ø}} by some older speakers.
|}
| valign="top" |
{| class="IPA wikitable"
! colspan="4"|

===Korean [[vowel]]s===
|-
! IPA
! Hangul
! <small>[[Revised Romanization of Korean|RR trans.]]</small>
! Notes
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|a}}</big>|| rowspan=2|ㅏ ||rowspan=2| a || rowspan=2|''sp'''a'''''
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPA|aː}}</big>
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|e}}</big>|| rowspan=2|ㅔ || rowspan=2|e ||rowspan=2| Similar to the beginning of the diphthong in ''m'''ai'''n''
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPA|eː}}</big>
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|ɛ}}</big>|| rowspan=2|ㅐ || rowspan=2|ae || rowspan=2|''m'''e'''t''; similar to ''e'' for young speakers.
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPA|ɛː}}</big>
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|i}}</big>|| rowspan=2|ㅣ || rowspan=2|i || rowspan=2|''m'''ea'''n''
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPA|iː}}</big>
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|o}}</big>|| rowspan=2|ㅗ || rowspan=2|o || rowspan=2|Spanish ''o'' or French ''eau''
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPA|oː}}</big>
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|u}}</big>|| rowspan=2|ㅜ || rowspan=2|u || rowspan=2|''m'''oo'''n''
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPA|uː}}</big>
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|ʌ}}</big>|| rowspan=2| ㅓ || rowspan=2| eo || rowspan=2| ''y'''ou'''ng'' (these are pronounced {{IPAblink|ɔ}}, as in ''more,'' in North Korea)
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPA|əː}}</big>
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|ɯ}}</big>|| rowspan=2|ㅡ ||rowspan=2| eu || rowspan=2| Separate sound in Standard Korean; similar to ''eo'' for many dialects.
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPA|ɯː}}</big>
|}

{| class="IPA wikitable"
! colspan="4"|

===Korean [[diphthongs]]===
|-
! IPA
! Hangul
! <small>[[Revised Romanization of Korean|RR trans.]]</small>
! Notes
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPA|ɰi}}</big>|| ㅢ || ui || Only occurs in the first syllable of a word. 
|}

{| class="IPA wikitable"
! colspan=3|

===Sounds not written in hangul===
|-
! IPA!! Explanation
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPA|ː}}</big> || [[Long vowel]]. Long {{IPAblink|ʌ}} is {{IPA|əː}}. Young speakers in Seoul do not use length consistently, if at all.
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPA|&nbsp;́}}</big> || [[Pitch accent|High tone]], on any one syllable or the first two; used outside Seoul.
|}
|}

==See also==
*[[International Phonetic Alphabet]]
*[[Korean phonology]]
*[[Hangul]]
*[[Revised Romanization of Korean]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
*Sohn, Ho-min, (2001) ''"The Korean Language"'', Cambridge language surveys, Cambridge University Press, pp.1–4, ISBN 0521369436
*Lee, Hyun-Bok (2002) [http://register.itfind.or.kr/Report/200201/IITA/IITA-0114-003/IITA-0114-003.pdf ''"Phonetic Notation in Phonetic Research"'' (음성의 연구와 음성의 표기법)], In INTERSPEECH-2002

==Bibliography==
*IPA (1949, 51, etc.). ''"The Principles of IPA"''. London.
*Lee, H.B. (1971). ''"Preliminary Version of Korean Phonetic Alphabet"'' (in Korean), HanGeul Haghoe (the Korean Language SocietY), Seoul.
*Lee, H.B. (1981), ''"IPA and Korean Phonetic Alphabet"'' (in Korean), Gwahagsa, Seoul.
*Lee, H.B. (1992), ''"International Korean Phonetic Alphabet - Theory and Application-"'' .(in Korean) "Malsori" No. 21-24, The Phonetic Society of Korea.
*Lee, H.B. (1999), ''"International Korean Phonetic Alphabet for Computers"'', International Conference on the Computer Processing of Korean Language, Yanbi an, China.
*Lee, H.B. (1999). An IPA Illustration of Korean, Handbook of the International Phonetic Association. IPA. 
*Lee, Hyun-Bok (1999) ''"Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: a guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet"'', Cambridge University Press, pp.121–123 ISBN 0521637511
*Lee, Hyun-Bok (2004) [http://www.isca-speech.org/archive/archive_papers/interspeech_2004/i04_P3.pdf ''"In search of a universal phonetic alphabet - theory and application of an organic visible speech-"''], In INTERSPEECH-2004, paper P3.
*Sohn, Ho-min, (2006) ''"Korean language in culture and society"'' KLEAR textbooks in Korean language, University of Hawaii Press, pp.4–5. ISBN 0824826949

==External links==
*[http://www.langsci.ucl.ac.uk/ipa/ipa_redirects.php The International Phonetic Association]

[[Category:Wikipedia IPA|Korean]]