hiwiki:IPA for Hindi and Urdu का स्रोत देखें

{{IPAkeys}}

नीचे दी गयी तालिका में विकिपीडिया के लेखों में [[हिन्दी]] और [[उर्दू]] के उच्चारण का प्रतिनिधित्व करने वाली [[अंतर्राष्ट्रीय ध्वन्यात्मक वर्णमाला|अंतर्राष्ट्रीय ध्वन्यात्मक वर्णमाला (आईपीए)]] को दर्शाया गया है। 

हिन्दुस्तानी में स्वरों की ध्वनि की और गहन विवेचना के लिए [[हिन्दी-उर्दू स्वर विज्ञान]] देखें।

{| style="background:none;"
| valign="top" | 
{| class="IPA wikitable" style="margin: 1em; text-align: center;"
! colspan="5"| [[व्यंजन]]
|-
! आईपीए !! हिन्दी !! हिन्दी उदाहरण !!उर्दु  !! अंगेजी समकक्ष
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|b}}</big>
| ब || '''ब'''ल ||{{Nastaliq|ur|ب}}||  align="left"| a'''b'''ash
|-
|<big> b{{IPAlink|ʱ}}</big>
| भ || '''भ'''क्त ||{{Nastaliq|ur| بھ }} ||  align="left"| a'''bh'''or
|-
|<big> {{IPAlink|d̪}}</big> <ref name=coronal>To an English ear, {{IPA|[t̪ t̪ʰ ʈ ʈʰ]}} all sound like {{IPA|/t/}}, and {{IPA|[d̪ d̪ʱ ɖ ɖʱ]}} all sound like {{IPA|/d/}}. However, to a Hindi-Urdu speaker's ear these are very different sounds. {{IPA|[t̪ d̪]}} are like Spanish or French {{IPA|[t d]}}, with the tongue touching the teeth, and {{IPA|[t̪ʰ d̪]}} are how a Hindi-Urdu speaker hears English {{IPA|/θ ð/}} (the ''th'' sounds). Hindi-Urdu {{IPA|[ʈ ɖ]}} are pronounced with the tongue further back, touching behind the teeth, and {{IPA|[ʈʰ ɖ]}} are how a Hindi-Urdu speaker hears English ''t d''; {{IPA|[ʈ]}} is how they hear English ''t'' after ''s''.</ref>
| द || '''द'''म || {{Nastaliq|ur| د  }}||  align="left"| a'''d'''o (closer to French ''d'')
|-
|<big> d̪{{IPAlink|ʱ}}</big> <ref name=coronal/>
| ध || '''ध'''नुष ||  {{Nastaliq|ur| دھ  }} ||  align="left"| a'''dh'''ere 
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|ɖ}}</big> <ref name=coronal/>
| ड || '''ड'''मरू  || {{Nastaliq|ur| ڈ  }}||  align="left"|  gua'''rd'''
|-
|<big> ɖ{{IPAlink|ʱ}}</big> <ref name=coronal/>
| ढ || '''ढ'''क्कन||ڈھ ||  align="left"| gua'''rdh'''ouse
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|dʒ}}</big>
| ज ||'''ज'''ल || ج ||  align="left"| he'''dg'''e
|-
|<big> dʒ{{IPAlink|ʱ}}</big>
| झ ||'''झ'''रना|| جھ ||  align="left"| he'''dgeh'''og
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|f}}</big>
| फ़ || || ف ||  align="left"| '''f'''ood 
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|ɡ}}</big>
| ग || '''ग'''मला||گ ||  align="left"| a'''g'''ate
|-
|<big> ɡ{{IPAlink|ʱ}}</big>
| घ || '''घ'''र ||گھ ||  align="left"| pi'''gh'''eaded
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|h}}</big>
| ः || ||rowspan=2| ح ||  align="left"| '''h'''ead (final only)
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|ɦ}}</big>
| ह ||'''ह'''ल||align="left"| a'''h'''ead
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|j}}</big>
| य || '''य'''म||ي ||  align="left"| '''y'''ak
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|k}}</big>
| क || '''क'''ल||ک ||  align="left"| s'''c'''an
|-
|<big> k{{IPAlink|ʰ}}</big>
| ख || '''ख'''ग ||کھ ||  align="left"| '''c'''an
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|l}}</big>
| ल || '''ल'''ट||ل ||  align="left"| '''l'''eaf
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|m}}</big>
| म ||'''म'''न|| م ||  align="left"| '''m'''uch
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|n}}</big>
| न ||'''न'''ल|| ن ||  align="left"| '''n'''ot
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|ɳ}}</big>
| ण ||चर'''ण'''|| ڻ || align="left"| bu'''rn'''er <br>(Sanskrit; often [n])
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|ŋ}}</big>
| ं || '''अं'''गूर|| - || align="left"| ba'''n'''k
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|p}}</big>
| प ||'''प'''ल|| پ || align="left"| s'''p'''an
|-
|<big> p{{IPAlink|ʰ}}</big>
| फ || '''फ'''ल||پھ || align="left"| '''p'''an <br>(often allophonic with [f] in Hindi)
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|q}}</big>
| क़ || ||ق || align="left"| a ''k'' in the throat <br>(Urdu; often [k] in Hindi)
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|r}}</big>
| र || '''र'''ज||ر || align="left"| trilled ''r''
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|ɽ}}</big>
| ड़ || रब'''ड़'''||ڑ || align="left"| US: la''rd''er
|-
|<big> ɽ{{IPAlink|ʱ}}</big>
| ढ़ || प'''ढ़'''||ڑھ || align="left"| as {{IPA|[ɽ]}} plus ''h''
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|s}}</big>
| स || '''स'''म||س || align="left"| '''s'''ue
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|ʂ}}</big>
| ष || '''ष'''ट||– || align="left"| wo'''rsh'''ip <br>(Sanskrit; often [ʃ])
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|ʃ}}</big>
| श || '''श'''क||ش || align="left"| '''sh'''oe
|-
|<big> {{IPAlink|t̪}}</big> <ref name=coronal/>
| त || '''त'''ल||ت || align="left"| s'''t'''able (closer to French ''t'')
|-
|<big> t̪{{IPAlink|ʰ}}</big> <ref name=coronal/>
| थ || '''थ'''ल|| تھ || align="left"| '''t'''able
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|ʈ}}</big> <ref name=coronal/>
| ट || '''ट'''खना||ٹ || align="left"| a'''rt'''
|-
|<big> ʈ{{IPAlink|ʰ}}</big> <ref name=coronal/>
| ठ || '''ठ'''साठस|| ٹھ || align="left"| a'''rt-h'''istorian
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|tʃ}}</big>
| च || '''''ल||چ || align="left"| ca'''tch'''
|-
|<big> tʃ{{IPAlink|ʰ}}</big>
| छ ||'''छ'''ल|| چھ || align="left"| '''ch'''oose
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|ʋ}}</big><ref name=vwallophone>{{IPAblink|v}}, {{IPAblink|w}} and intermediate [{{IPAlink|ʋ}}] are [[allophone|allophonic]] in Hindi-Urdu. Some words, such as ''vrat'' ('व्रत', fast), are pronounced with {{IPA|[v]}} and others, such as ''pakwan'' ('पकवान', food dish), are pronounced with {{IPA|[w]}}.</ref>
| व || ''व'''क||و || align="left"| varies between ''w'' and ''v''
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|x}}</big>
| ख़ || ||خ|| align="left"| Ba'''ch''' <br>{{nowrap|(Urdu; often [kʰ] in Hindi)}}
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|ɣ}}</big>
| ग़ || ||غ || align="left"| like a French ''r'' <br>(Urdu; often [ɡ] in Hindi)
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|z}}</big>
| ज़ || '''ज़'''मीन ||ز || align="left"| '''z'''en
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|ʒ}}</big>
| श़/झ़ || ||ژ || align="left"| plea'''s'''ure
|}
| valign="top" |
{| class="IPA wikitable" style="margin: 1em 2em; text-align: center;" 
! colspan="4"| [[स्वर]]
|-
! आईपीए !! हिन्दी !! उर्दु  !! अंगेजी समकक्ष
|-
|<big> {{IPAlink|aː}}</big>
| आ, पा || آ, ـا ||  align="left"| Spanish or French ''a'' to English ''br'''a'''''
|-
|<big> {{IPAlink|eː}}</big>
| ए, पे || rowspan=2| ے ||  align="left"| between ''y'''e'''ll'' and ''Y'''a'''le''
|-
|<big> {{IPAlink|ɛː}}</big>
| ऐ, पै || align="left"| ''y'''e'''ll'' 
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|ə}}</big>
| अ, प || ـَ ||  align="left"| ''n'''u'''t''
|-
|<big> {{IPAlink|iː}}</big> <ref name=V>{{IPA|/iː, ɪ/}} and {{IPA|/uː, ʊ/}} are neutralized to {{IPA|[i, u]}} at the end of a word.</ref>
| ई, पी || ی ||  align="left"| ''f'''ee'''t''
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|ɪ}}</big> <ref name=V/>
| इ, पि || ـِ ||  align="left"| ''d'''i'''ll'' 
|-
|<big> {{IPAlink|oː}}</big>
| ओ, पो || rowspan=3| و ||  align="left"| '''''o'''ld'' 
|-
|<big> {{IPAlink|ɔː}}</big>
| औ, पौ || align="left"| ''l'''aw'''''
|-
|<big> {{IPAlink|uː}}</big> <ref name=V/>
| ऊ, पू || align="left"| ''l'''oo'''t''
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|ʊ}}</big> <ref name=V/>
| उ, पु || ـُ || align="left"| ''l'''oo'''k''
|-
|<big> &nbsp;̃</big>
| ँ || ں || align="left"| nasal vowel<br>([ãː], [õː], etc.)
|}
<br>
{| class="IPA wikitable" style="margin: 1em 2em; text-align: center;" 
! colspan="3"| [[Suprasegmental]]s
|-
! IPA !! colspan=2| 
|-
|<big> ˈ</big>
| colspan=2 align="left"| stress <br>(placed before stressed syllable)
|-
|<big> ː</big>
| colspan=2 align="left"| doubled consonant
|}
|}

==टिप्पणी==
<references/> 

[[Category:Wikipedia IPA|Hindi]]