O3b mPOWER का स्रोत देखें

{{about|the forthcoming 2nd generation O3b satellites|the 1st generation satellites|O3b}}
{{Use British English|date=February 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox spaceflight
| name              = O3b mPOWER
| names_list        = 
| image             = 
| image_caption     = 
| image_size        = 300px

| mission_type      = [[Communications satellite|Communications]]
| operator          = [[SES S.A.|SES]]
| COSPAR_ID         = 
| SATCAT            = 
| mission_duration  = 12 years (planned)

| spacecraft        = 
| spacecraft_type   = [[Electrically powered spacecraft propulsion|All-electric propulsion]]
| spacecraft_bus    = [[Boeing 702|BSS-702X]]
| manufacturer      = [[Boeing Satellite Development Center|Boeing]]
| launch_mass       = 1700 kg
| dimensions        = 
| power             = 

| launch_date       = Q3 2022<ref name="sesQ1_2022" />
| launch_rocket     = [[Falcon 9]] 
| launch_site       = [[Cape Canaveral Space Force Station|Cape Canaveral]],  
| launch_contractor = [[SpaceX]] 

| entered_service   = 

| orbit_reference   = [[Geocentric orbit]]
| orbit_regime      = [[Medium Earth orbit]]
| orbit_altitude    = {{cvt|8000|km}}
| orbit_inclination = 
| orbit_period      = 
| apsis             = gee

| trans_band        = 
| trans_frequency   = 
| trans_bandwidth   = 
| trans_capacity    = 
| trans_coverage    = 
| trans_TWTA        = 
| trans_EIRP        = 
| trans_HPBW        = 

}}
'''O3b mPOWER''' is a [[communications satellite]] system currently under construction and, {{As of|2022|05|lc=y}}, scheduled to begin launching in the third quarter of 2022.<ref name="sesQ1_2022">{{cite web |url=https://www.ses.com/sites/default/files/2022-05/SES%20Q1%202022%20Results.pdf |title=SES Q1 2022 Results |page=3 |work=[[SES S.A.]] |date=5 May 2022 |access-date=31 May 2022}}</ref> Owned and operated by [[SES S.A.|SES]], O3b mPOWER initially comprises 11 [[High-throughput satellite|high-throughput]] and low-[[Latency (engineering)|latency]] satellites in a [[medium Earth orbit]] (MEO), along with ground infrastructure and intelligent software, to provide multiple terabits of global [[broadband]] connectivity for applications including cellular [[Backhaul (telecommunications)|backhaul]] to remote rural locations and simultaneous international [[Internet Protocol|IP]] [[trunking]].<ref name="spacenews">[https://spacenews.com/ses-building-a-10-terabit-o3b-mpower-constellation/ ''SES building a 10-terabit O3b mPower constellation''], SpaceNews, 11 September 2017, Accessed 25 August 2020 </ref><ref name="Boeing+4">{{cite press release|url=https://boeing.mediaroom.com/2020-08-07-Boeing-to-Build-Four-Additional-702X-Satellites-for-SES|title=Boeing to Build Four Additional 702X Satellites for SES's O3b mPOWER Fleet|publisher=Boeing|date=7 August 2020|access-date=26 August 2020}}</ref><ref name="11sats">[https://spacenews.com/ses-orders-four-more-o3b-mpower-satellites-from-boeing/ ''SES orders four more O3b mPower satellites from Boeing''], SpaceNews, 7 August 2020, Accessed 26 August 2020</ref>

The O3b mPOWER satellites use fully shapable and steerable [[spot beam]]s that can be shifted and scaled in real time to suit individual users. The satellites will join SES' existing constellation of 20 first-generation [[O3b]] satellites in MEO and operate in conjunction with them and the [[List of SES satellites|SES fleet]] of [[geostationary]] satellites.<ref name="gunter">[https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/o3b-21.htm ''O3b mPower 1, ..., 11''], Gunter's Space Page, Accessed 26 August 2020.</ref>

== Satellites ==
The O3b mPOWER satellites are based on [[Boeing Satellite Development Center|Boeing]]'s multi-orbit [[Boeing 702|BSS-702X]] satellite bus with an [[Electrically powered spacecraft propulsion|all-electric propulsion]] system and a payload that can be reprogrammed from the ground to reallocate resources "on the fly".<ref>[https://www.boeing.com/space/boeing-satellite-family/702X/ ''702X: The more cost-effective software defined satellite ''], Boeing, Accessed 27 August 2020</ref><ref name="gunter"/>

The electronically steered [[phased array]] antennas can provide up to 5000 spot beams per satellite each shaped and pointed as required to specifically distribute power and bandwidth to individual user's terminals and, using the full [[Ka-band]] spectrum, enable [[Contention ratio|uncontended]] speeds from 50 [[Megabit|Mbit]]/s up to 10 Gbit/s.<ref name="Boeing+4"/><ref>{{cite press release |url=https://boeing.mediaroom.com/news-releases-statements?item=130014|title=Boeing to Design and Build Seven Medium Earth Orbit Satellites for SES|publisher=Boeing|date=11 September 2017|access-date=27 August 2020}}</ref>

With frequency reuse, each O3b mPOWER satellite can deliver hundreds of gigabits in capacity, with multi-terabit capabilities across the full constellation.<ref name="spacenews"/> SES' Adaptive Resource Control (ARC) software and digital payload processing systems synchronise space and ground system resources to electronically control routing, power levels, throughput, and frequency allocation dynamically, in real time.<ref name="Boeing+4"/><ref>[https://o3bmpower.ses.com/technologies/space-systems ''Space Systems''], SES, Accessed 29 March 2021</ref><ref>[http://www.broadbandworldnews.com/document.asp?doc_id=753908 ''SES to Extend O3b mPower Capabilities With Software Innovation''], Broadband World News, 5 September 2019, Accessed 18 September 2020</ref>

== Coverage ==
From MEO, the O3b mPOWER satellites can deliver high-bandwidth connectivity between latitudes 50° N and 50° S (covering 96% of the global population) to mobile and/or remote terminals of 0.3 m to 5.5 m, and is expected to find application in the following markets:<ref name="Boeing+4"/><ref>[https://www.ses.com/sites/default/files/2020-08/SES_O3b%20mPOWER_Newsroom_Factsheet.pdf ''O3b mPOWER Press Factsheet''], SES, August 2020, Accessed 26 August 2020</ref>
* Mobility: cruise, commercial shipping, aero 
* Telecom: telco, mobile network operators, cloud providers 
* Government: military, government agencies, non-governmental organisations 
* Enterprise: oil and gas, mining 

Proposed additional satellites operating in a second medium earth orbit at an inclination of 70° would give near-complete global coverage.<ref name="gunter"/>

== History ==
In September 2017, SES announced [[Boeing Satellite Development Center|Boeing]] would build seven "super-powered" medium earth orbit satellites for launch in 2021 to provide flexible and scalable, low-latency satellite-based networks with terabits of throughput, hugely expanding the capacity of the existing constellation of 12 (now 20) first-generation O3b satellites.<ref name="SES_PR">{{cite press release |url=https://www.ses.com/press-release/ses-opens-new-era-global-connectivity-o3b-mpower|title=SES opens new era in global connectivity with O3b mPOWER|publisher=SES|date=11 September 2017|access-date=27 August 2020}}</ref><ref>[https://spaceflightnow.com/2017/09/12/ses-orders-seven-satellites-from-boeing-to-help-meet-growing-broadband-demand/ ''SES orders seven satellites from Boeing to help meet growing broadband demand''], Spaceflight Now, 12 September 2017, Accessed 20 August 2020</ref>

In March 2018, SES announced partnerships with [[Alcan Systems]], Isotropic Systems and [[Viasat, Inc.|Viasat]] to develop compact, high-throughput user terminals for the O3b mPOWER system.<ref>{{cite press release|url=https://www.ses.com/press-release/ses-networks-announces-partnerships-groundbreaking-o3b-mpower-customer-edge-terminals|title=SES Networks Announces Partnerships for Groundbreaking O3b mPOWER Customer Edge Terminals|publisher=SES|date=8 March 2018|access-date=18 September 2020}}</ref>

In September 2019, SES announced it had partnered with satellite payload and network management systems developer, Kythera Space Solutions to develop the ARC (Adaptive Resource Control) software to enable the dynamic control and optimisation of power, throughput, beams and frequency allocation on O3b mPOWER and other future high-throughput satellites (such as the [[Geostationary orbit|geostationary]] [[SES-17]], launched in October 2021) and their networks.<ref>{{cite press release|publisher=SES|date=5 September 2019 |url=https://www.ses.com/press-release/ses-enhance-and-expand-o3b-mpower-system-capabilities-dynamic-software-innovation|title=SES to Enhance and Expand O3b mPOWER System Capabilities with Dynamic Software Innovation|access-date=31 March 2021}}</ref> 

Also in September 2019, [[SpaceX]] was contracted to launch the first seven O3b mPOWER satellites using [[Falcon 9]] rockets with two launches of four and three satellites planned for 2021.<ref>[https://spacenews.com/spacex-to-launch-sess-o3b-mpower-constellation-on-two-falcon-9-rockets/ ''SpaceX to launch SES's O3b mPOWER constellation on two Falcon 9 rockets''], SpaceNews, 9 September 2020, Accessed 27 August 2020</ref>

In February 2020, [[Princess Cruises]] announced a partnership with SES for early access to the O3b mPOWER system, using a hybrid network of both MEO and geostationary satellites to provide connectivity to its fleet at sea.<ref>[https://satelliteprome.com/news/princess-cruises-extends-partnership-with-ses-for-o3b-mpower-network/ ''Princess Cruises extends partnership with SES for O3b mPOWER network''], Satellite Pro Middle East, 4 February 2020, Accessed 27 August 2020</ref> Also in February 2020, [[Orange S.A.|Orange]], a user of the first generation O3b system in [[Africa]] and the [[Middle East]] since 2017, announced it would be the first telco to adopt the O3b mPOWER system, to extend its consumer and business broadband services in Africa, providing connectivity to remote locations, starting in the [[Central African Republic]].<ref>[https://www.satellitetoday.com/telecom/2020/02/27/african-teleco-orange-adopts-sess-o3b-mpower/ ''African Teleco Orange Adopts SES's O3b mPOWER''], Satellite Today, 27 February 2020, Accessed 28 August 2020</ref>

In August 2020, the order for an additional four O3b mPOWER satellites, also from Boeing, was announced. These satellites will be more powerful than the original seven, increasing the total throughput of the entire O3b mPOWER constellation by 90%. The expected launch pattern for the whole O3b mPOWER constellation was also changed, with SpaceX contracted to provide two further launches on Falcon 9 rockets, each rocket carrying a maximum of three satellites, and the first three satellites expected to launch late in 2021, six more on two launches in 2022, and the final two in 2024.<ref name="11sats"/><ref>[https://spacenews.com/ses-taps-spacex-for-two-additional-falcon-9-launches/ ''SES taps SpaceX for two additional Falcon 9 launches''], SpaceNews, 20 August 2020, Accessed 26 August 2020</ref>

In September 2020, SES and [[Microsoft]] announced that SES was the [[medium Earth orbit]] connectivity partner for the [[Microsoft Azure#Azure Orbital|Microsoft Azure Orbital]] ground station service that enables network operators to control their satellite operations and capacity from within the Azure [[cloud computing]] service. Under their agreement, SES and Microsoft will jointly invest in Azure Orbital ground stations for the MEO and Earth Observation segments, initially in the [[United States]], which will be installed and managed by SES. Also, satellite telemetry, tracking and control systems and data ground stations for the O3b mPOWER satellites will be located with Microsoft's Azure edge sites to provide O3b mPOWER customers with [[Multi-hop routing|"one-hop"]] access to Azure cloud services.<ref>[https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/blog/introducing-azure-orbital-process-satellite-data-at-cloudscale/ ''Introducing Azure Orbital: Process satellite data at cloud-scale''], Microsoft, 22 September 2020, Accessed 28 October 2020</ref><ref>{{cite press release|url=https://www.ses.com/press-release/ses-becomes-microsoft-azure-orbital-founding-connectivity-partner|title=SES Becomes Microsoft Azure Orbital Founding Connectivity Partner|date=22 September 2020|access-date=30 October 2020}}</ref>

In November 2020, SES announced that [[Gilat Satellite Networks|Gilat]] and [[ST Engineering|ST Engineering {{Proper name|iDirect}}]] are developing the modem platforms and ground infrastructure for the O3b mPOWER communications system.<ref>{{cite press release|url=https://www.ses.com/press-release/ses-expands-o3b-mpower-technology-ecosystem-modem-platform-partnerships|title=SES Expands O3b mPOWER Technology Ecosystem with Modem Platform Partnerships|date=3 November 2020|access-date=1 January 2021}}</ref> In December 2020, SES agreed with Australian [[Telephone company|telco]], Pivotel Group Pty to build a new ground station at Pivotel's [[Ground station#Telecommunications port|teleport]] in [[Dubbo]], [[New South Wales]] to use the O3b mPOWER system to provide high-speed, low-latency connectivity across [[Australia]], [[New Zealand]] and the [[List of islands in the Pacific Ocean|Pacific Islands]].<ref>[https://www.capacitymedia.com/articles/3827248/dubbo-gateway-to-boost-regional-apac-connectivity ''Dubbo Gateway to boost regional APAC connectivity''], Capacity Media, 16 December 2020, Accessed 31 January 2021</ref>

In February 2021, SES announced that four of the five top cruise companies have contracted connectivity services using the O3b mPOWER system ahead of the satellites' launch and with the majority extending beyond 2025.<ref>[https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20210222006011/en/ ''SES Networks Transforms Cruise Market Again as Leading Cruise Companies Choose O3b mPOWER for Enhanced Connected Guest Experiences''] Business Wire. 23 February 2021. Accessed 23 February 2021</ref>

In August 2021, [[Microsoft]] became the first [[cloud computing]] provider customer for the O3b satellite system, with Microsoft buying managed satellite connectivity services from SES for the [[Microsoft Azure]] cloud service. Microsoft is initially using the existing first generation [[O3b]] satellites, before upgrading to the faster broadband speeds from O3b mPOWER satellites when they come into operation in 2022.<ref>[https://spacenews.com/o3b-mpower-get-first-cloud-customer-on-track-for-launch-even-as-covid-19-issues-loom/ ''O3b mPOWER get first cloud customer, on track for launch even as COVID-19 issues loom''] SpaceNews. 17 August 2021. Accessed 1 September 2021</ref>

In February 2022, SES formed a joint venture with India's biggest [[Telephone company|telco]], [[Jio Platforms]] (JPL). The newly formed Jio Space Technology Limited will deliver broadband services in India of up to 100Gbps capacity, using both the O3b mPOWER constellation and SES's SES-12 [[High-throughput satellite|high-throughput]] [[Geostationary orbit|geostationary]] satellite, to extend JPL’s terrestrial network, enhancing access to digital services in unconnected areas within India and the region. JPL and SES will own 51% and 49% equity stake respectively in the new company.<ref>[https://www.computerweekly.com/news/252513370/Jio-SES-forge-joint-venture-for-satellite-based-broadband-services-across-India ''Jio and SES forge joint venture for satellite-based broadband services across India''] Computer Weekly. 14 February 2022. Accessed 30 April 2022</ref>

In February 2022, [[Orange S.A.|Orange]] announced that, along with SES, it will deploy and manage the first O3b mPOWER gateway in Africa, to provide high-speed, low-latency, and cloud-optimised connectivity services across Africa, and to support telemetry, tracking and command functions for the O3b mPOWER satellites. The gateway will be located at the [[Sonatel]] teleport in Gandoul, [[Senegal]].<ref>{{cite press release|url=https://www.orange.com/en/newsroom/press-releases/2022/orange-sonatel-and-ses-deploy-first-african-o3b-mpower-gateway-senegal|title=Orange, Sonatel and SES to deploy first African O3b mPOWER gateway in Senegal|date=16 February 2022|access-date=28 February 2022}}</ref>

In March 2022, SES announced the acquisition of DRS Global Enterprise Solutions (GES), a US-based subsidiary of defence contractor, [[Leonardo DRS]] which provides managed satcom services to the US Defence Department and other government agencies. When the transaction is concluded (expected towards the end of 2022 after regulatory approvals) the business will be combined with SES subsidiary, SES Government Solutions, greatly expanding market access for the O3b mPOWER system at the time it is planned to begin operations.<ref>[https://spacenews.com/ses-to-acquire-leonardo-drs-satcom-business-for-450-million/ ''SES to acquire Leonardo DRS satcom business for $450 million''] SpaceNews. 22 March 2022. Accessed 28 March 2022</ref>

In May 2022, SES subsidiary, SES Government Solutions, in partnership with [[Satellite imagery|Earth imaging]] company, [[Planet Labs|Planet Labs PBC]], was awarded a US$28.96 million contract from [[NASA]]’s Communications Services Project for [[real-time]], [[High availability|always-on]] low-latency connectivity services to NASA spacecraft, using SES's [[geostationary orbit]] satellites and [[medium Earth orbit]] satellites, including the O3b mPOWER constellation.<ref>[https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-industry-to-collaborate-on-space-communications-by-2025 ''NASA, Industry to Collaborate on Space Communications by 2025''] NASA. 20 April 2022. Accessed 29 May 2022</ref><ref>[https://advanced-television.com/2022/05/10/ses-wins-nasa-contract/ ''SES wins NASA contract'']Advanced Television. 10 May 2022. Accessed 29 May 2022</ref>

== See also ==
{{Portal|Spaceflight}}
* [[O3b]]
* [[SES S.A.]] 
* [[O3b Networks]]
* [[Boeing 702]] satellite bus
* [[SpaceX]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Satellite constellations|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Space]]