सेवा (अर्थशास्त्र) का स्रोत देखें

[[File:Portier mit Zylinder.JPG|thumb|एक [[नौकर|होटल पोर्टर]] सेवा-संबंधी व्यवसाय का एक उदाहरण है।]]

[[अर्थशास्त्र]] में, '''सेवा''' (Service) एक ऐसा लेनदेन है जिसमें विक्रेता से खरीदार को कोई भौतिक सामान स्थानांतरित नहीं किया जाता। इस तरह की सेवा का लाभ ''विनिमय करने के लिए खरीदार की इच्छा'' द्वारा प्रदर्शित होता है। सार्वजनिक सेवाएं वे हैं जिनके लिए पूरा समाज (राष्ट्र राज्य, वित्तीय संघ या क्षेत्र) भुगतान करता हैं। [[संसाधन|संसाधनों]], [[कौशल]], [[सरलता]] और [[अनुभव]] का उपयोग करते हुए, सेवा उपभोक्ताओं को सेवा प्रदाता लाभ प्रदान करते हैं। सेवा अमूर्त प्रकृति का है।

==दो I ==
I के संदर्भ में सेवाओं का वर्णन{{किसके द्वारा?|date=February 2020}} किया जा सकता है।

===Intangibility अर्थात् अमूर्तता===

===Perishability अर्थात् भंगुरता===

===Inconsistency (variability) अर्थात् असंगति (परिवर्तनशीलता)===

==सेवा की गुणवत्ता (Service quality)==

==विशिष्टता (Specification)==

==वितरण (Delivery)==
[[File:StarbucksVaughanMills.JPG|thumb|कॉफी हाउस - एक प्रकार का सेवा वितरण।]]


==सेवा-वस्तु माल सातत्य (Service-commodity goods continuum)==
[[File:Service-goods continuum.png|thumb|सेवा-वस्तु माल सातत्य]]


==सेवा के प्रकार (Service types)==
नीचे सेवा उद्योगों की एक सूची दी गई है, जिसे विभिन्न क्षेत्रों में वर्गीकृत किया गया है। अभिभावकीय संकेतन इंगित करते हैं कि कैसे विशिष्ट [[वृत्ति|व्यवसायों]] और [[संगठन|संगठनों]] को उस हद तक सेवा उद्योगों के रूप में माना जा सकता है जिस हद तक वे एक अमूर्त सेवा प्रदान करते हैं, न कि एक मूर्त वस्तु।

<!-- PLEASE RESPECT ALPHABETICAL ORDER -->
* Business functions (that apply to all organizations in general)
** [[management consulting|Consulting]]<!-- PLEASE RESPECT ALPHABETICAL ORDER -->
** [[Customer service]]
** [[Human resources]] administrators (providing services like ensuring that employees are paid accurately)
* [[cleanliness|Cleaning]], patronage, [[Maintenance, repair and operations|repair and maintenance]] services
** [[Gardener]]s
** [[Janitor]]s (who provide cleaning services)
** [[Mechanic]]s
* [[Construction]]
** [[Carpentry]]
** [[Electrician]]s (offering the service of making wiring work properly)
** [[Plumbing]]
* [[Death care industry|Death care]]
** [[Coroner]]s (who provide the service of identifying [[cadaver]]s and determining time and cause of death)
** [[Funeral home]]s (who prepare corpses for public display, cremation or burial)
* [[Dispute resolution]] and prevention services
** [[Arbitration]]
** [[Court]]s of [[law]] (who perform the service of dispute resolution backed by the power of the [[State (polity)|state]])
** [[Diplomacy]]
** [[Incarceration]] (provides the service of keeping criminals out of society)
** [[Law enforcement]] (provides the service of identifying and apprehending criminals)
** [[Lawyer]]s (who perform the services of [[advocacy]] and decisionmaking in many dispute resolution and prevention processes)
** [[Mediation]]
** [[Military]] (performs the service of protecting states in disputes with other states)
** [[Negotiation]] (not really a service unless someone is negotiating on behalf of another)
* [[Education]] (institutions offering the services of teaching and access to information)
** [[Library]]
** [[Museum]]
** [[School]]
* [[Entertainment]] (when provided live or within a highly specialized facility)
** [[Gambling]]
** [[Movie theater|Movie theatres]] (providing the service of showing a [[Film|movie]] on a big screen)
** Performing arts productions
** [[वेश्यावृत्ति|यौन सेवाएं]]
** [[Sport]]
** [[Television]]
* Fabric care
** [[Dry cleaning]]
** [[Laundry]]
* [[Financial services]]
** [[Accountancy]]
** [[Bank]]s and [[building society|building societies]] (offering lending services and safekeeping of money and valuables)
** [[Real estate]]
** [[brokerage firm|Stock brokerages]]
** [[Tax services]]
** [[Valuation (finance)|Valuation]] 
* [[Foodservice]] industry
* [[Health care]] (all health care professions provide services)
* [[Hospitality industry]]
* Information services
** [[Data processing]]
** [[Database]] services
** [[Interpreting]]
** [[Translation]]
* [[Personal grooming]]
** [[Body hair removal]]
** [[Dental hygienist]]
** [[hairstyle|Hairdressing]]
** [[manicure|Manicurist]] / [[pedicurist]]
* [[Public utility]]
** [[Electric power]]
** [[Natural gas]]
** [[Telecommunication]]s
** [[Waste management]]
** [[Water industry]]
* [[Risk management]]
** [[Insurance]]
** [[Security]]
* [[Social services]]
** [[Social work]]
** [[Childcare]]
** [[Elderly care]]
* [[Logistics]]
** [[Transport]]
** [[Warehousing]]
** [[Stock management]]
** [[Packaging]]

==तृतीयक उत्पाद के आधार पर देशों की सूची==
{{Main|List of countries by GDP sector composition}}

[[File:2005gdpServices.png|right|300px|thumbnail| शीर्ष निर्माता (USA) के प्रतिशत के रूप में सेवा उत्पादन, 2005 के अनुसार।]]

नीचे बाजार की उच्चतम विनिमय दरों पर सेवा उत्पाद के आधार पर देशों की एक सूची दी गई है।

{{Bar chart|float=center
| title       =  [[IMF]] और [[CIA वर्ल्ड फैक्टबुक]] के अनुसार तृतीयक उत्पाद [सांकेतिक (नाममात्र) संदर्भ में] के आधार पर 20 सबसे बड़े देश, 2018 के उच्चतम स्तर पर
| table_width = 70
| bar_width   = 50 <!-- must be an unformatted number -->
| data_max    = 16,500<!-- Upper bound on the values in the data fields -->
| label_type  = अर्थव्यवस्था
| data_type   = {{center|2018 में तृतीयक उत्पाद [सांकेतिक (नाममात्र) संदर्भ में] के उच्चतम स्तर पर देश (बिलियन [[USD]] में)}}
| label1      = (01) '''{{USA}}''' | data1 = 16,451
| label2      = (—) '''''{{EU}}''''' | data2 = 13,616
| label3      = (02) '''{{CHN}}''' | data3 = 7,025
| label4      = (03) '''{{JPN}}''' | data4 = 4,299
| label5      = (04) '''{{DEU}}''' | data5 = 2,792
| label6      = {{nowrap|(05) '''{{GBR}}'''}} | data6 = 2,481
| label7      = (06) '''{{FRA}}''' | data7 = 2,284
| label8      = (07) '''{{BRA}}''' | data8 = 1,903
| label9      = (08) '''{{ITA}}''' | data9 = 1,775
| label10    = (09) '''{{IND}}''' | data10 = 1,654
| label11    = (10) '''{{RUS}}''' | data11 = 1,431
| label12    = (11) '''{{CAN}}''' | data12 = 1,294
| label13    = (12) '''{{ESP}}''' | data13 = 1,219
| label14    = (13) '''{{AUS}}''' | data14 = 1,101
| label15    = (14) '''{{KOR}}''' | data15 = 965
| label16    = (15) '''{{MEX}}''' | data16 = 841
| label17    = (16) '''{{NED}}''' | data17 = 669
| label18    = (17) '''{{TUR}}''' | data18 = 584
| label19    = (18) '''{{CHE}}''' | data19 = 523
| label20    = (19) '''{{IDN}}''' | data20 = 466
| label21    = (20) '''{{BEL}}''' | data21 = 415
| caption = {{resize|88%|2018 में तृतीयक उत्पाद [सांकेतिक (नाममात्र) संदर्भ में] के उच्चतम स्तर के आधार पर बीस सबसे बड़े देश, [[IMF]] और [[CIA वर्ल्ड फैक्टबुक]] के अनुसार।}}
}}

==इन्हें भी देखें==
* [[As a service]]
* [[Deliverable]]
* [[Good (economics)]]
* [[Intangible good]]
* [[List of economics topics]]
* [[Product (economics)]]
* [[Services marketing]]

==सन्दर्भ==
{{Reflist|30em}}{{Refbegin|2}}
* Athens University of Economics and Business: ''[http://www.aueb.gr/users/esaopa/courses/part2.pdfAn Introduction to Services Marketing]{{Dead link|date=जून 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}''
*{{cite book|first1=Valarie A. |last1=Zeithaml|first2=A. |last2=Parasuraman|first3=Leonard L. |last3=Berry|title=Delivering Quality Service: Balancing Customer Perceptions and Expectations|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=RWPMYP7-sN8C}}|year=1990|publisher=Simon and Schuster|isbn=978-0-02-935701-9}}
* Valerie Zeithaml, A. Parasumaran, Leonhard Berry (1990): ''[[SERVQUAL]]'' [https://web.archive.org/web/20191106094859/https://www.12manage.com/methods_zeithaml_servqual.html]
* Sharon Dobson: ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20120218084807/http://busfac32.cob.calpoly.edu/presentations/Sharon_Dobson/Ch08.ppt Product and Services Strategy]''
* John Swearingen: Operations Management - [https://web.archive.org/web/20120517165804/http://online.uis.edu/spring2002/bus322/lectures/chap01/sld040.htm Characteristics of services]
* James A. Fitzsimmons, Mona J. Fitzsimmons: ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20090325045451/http://www.belkcollege.uncc.edu/mjkhouja/02%20Nature.ppt Service Management - Operations, Strategy, Information Technology]'' 
* Russell Wolak, Stavros Kalafatis, Patricia Harris: ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20190412041318/http://members.byronsharp.com/empgens/emp1.pdf An Investigation Into Four Characteristics of Services]'' 
* Sheelagh Matear, Brendan Gray, Tony Garrett, Ken Deans: ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20110928200643/http://smib.vuw.ac.nz:8081/www/ANZMAC2000/CDsite/papers/m/Matear1.PDF Moderating Effects of Service Characteristics on the Sources of Competitive Advantage - Positional Advantage Relationship]'' 
*{{cite book|first1=Robert |last1=Johnston|first2=Graham |last2= Clark|title=Service Operations Management: Improving Service Delivery|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=TOV7W1MH9fsC}}|year=2008|publisher=Financial Times/Prentice Hall|isbn=978-1-4058-4732-2}}
*{{cite book|editor-first1=John |editor-last1=Eatwell|editor-first2=Peter K. |editor-last2= Newman|editor-first3=Murray |editor-last3=Milgate|title=The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=jJp1vgAACAAJ|page=314}}|year=1991|publisher=Macmillan|isbn=978-0-333-37235-7 |first=Pascal |last=Petit |chapter=Services |volume=4 |pp=314–15}}
* [[Alan Pilkington]], Kah Hin Chai, "Research Themes, Concepts and Relationships: A study of International Journal of Service Industry Management (1990 to 2005)," International Journal of Service Industry Management, (2008) Vol. 19, No. 1, pp.&nbsp;83–110.
*{{cite book|first1=Steve |last1=Downton|first2=Hilbrand |last2= Rustema|first3=Jan |last3=van Veen|title=Service Economics: Profitable Growth with a Brand Driven Service Strategy|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=CiTWnQEACAAJ}}|date=1 August 2010|publisher=Novetum Service Management, Limited|isbn=978-9963-9838-0-3}}
{{Refend}}

==बाहरी कड़ियाँ==
*{{Commonscat-inline|Services (economics)}}
{{Microeconomics}}
{{Economics}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:सेवा (अर्थशास्त्र)}}
[[Category:Goods (economics)]]
[[Category:Services (economics)| ]]