वियतनाम युद्ध का स्रोत देखें

{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict    = वियतनाम युद्ध<br />{{native name|vi|Chiến tranh Việt Nam}}<br />{{native name|en|Vietnam War}}
| partof      = [[हिन्दचीन युद्ध]] और [[शीतयुद्ध]]
| image       = [[चित्र:VietnamMural.jpg|350px]]
| image_size  = 300px
| caption     = वियतनाम युद्ध के भयंकर दृष्य
| date        = 1 November 1955{{refn|Due to the early presence of U.S. troops in Vietnam the start date of the Vietnam War is a matter of debate. In 1998, after a high level review by the [[United States Department of Defense|Department of Defense]] (DoD) and through the efforts of [[Richard B. Fitzgibbon, Jr.|Richard B. Fitzgibbon's]] family the start date of the Vietnam War according to the US government was officially changed to 1 November 1955.<ref name="DoD p. ">{{harvnb|DoD|1998|p=}}</ref> U.S. government reports currently cite 1 November 1955 as the commencement date of the "Vietnam Conflict", because this date marked when the U.S. [[Military Assistance Advisory Group]] (MAAG) in Indochina (deployed to Southeast Asia under President Truman) was reorganized into country-specific units and MAAG Vietnam was established.<ref name = "Lawrence 2009 20">{{Harvnb|Lawrence|2009|p=20}}.</ref>
Other start dates include when Hanoi authorized Viet Cong forces in South Vietnam to begin a low-level [[insurgency]] in December 1956,<ref name = "Olson Roberts 1991 67">{{Harvnb|Olson|Roberts|1991|p=67}}.{{cnf|date=September 2013}}</ref> whereas some view 26 September 1959, when the first battle occurred between the Viet Cong and the South Vietnamese army, as the start date.<ref name="WarBegan">[http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/pentagon/pent14.htm Origins of the Insurgency in South Vietnam, 1954–1960] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019184424/https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/pentagon/pent14.htm |date=19 अक्तूबर 2017 }}, The Pentagon Papers (Gravel Edition), Volume 1, Chapter 5, (Boston: Beacon Press, 1971), Section 3, pp. 314–46; International Relations Department, Mount Holyoke College.</ref>
 | group="A"|name="start date"}}&nbsp;– {{End date|df=yes|1975|4|30}}<br />({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=11|day1=1|year1=1955|month2=04|day2=30|year2=1975}})
| place       = [[दक्षिणी वियतनाम]], [[उत्तरी वियतनाम]], [[कम्बोडिया]], [[लाओस]], [[South China Sea]], [[Gulf of Thailand]]
| territory   = Reunification of North and South Vietnam into the [[वियतनाम|Socialist Republic of Vietnam]].
| result      = [[North Vietnam]]ese victory
* [[Vietnamization|Withdrawal]] of U.S. forces
* Expulsion of U.S. civilian/military staff from [[Operation Eagle Pull|Cambodia]], [[लाओस|Laos]] and [[Operation Frequent Wind|South Vietnam]]
* Communist forces take power in [[Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam|South Vietnam]], [[Democratic Kampuchea|Cambodia]] and [[लाओस|Laos]]
* [[Reunification of Vietnam]]
* Start of the [[Cambodian–Vietnamese War]]
* Start of the [[Vietnamese boat people|boat people crisis]] and [[Indochina refugee crisis]]
| combatant1  = {{Plainlist}}
* {{flag|उत्तरी वियतनाम}}
* {{flagdeco|Republic of South Vietnam}} [[Viet Cong]] and [[Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam|PRG]]
* {{flagdeco|Cambodia|1973}} [[GRUNK|Cambodia Government-in-Exile]]
* {{flagdeco|Cambodia|1975}} [[खमेर रूज]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://digital.library.cornell.edu/catalog/ss:19343646 |title=Vietnamese NLF Victory Map |publisher=Cornell University Library Digital Collections |access-date=12 दिसंबर 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615055517/https://digital.library.cornell.edu/catalog/ss:19343646 |archive-date=15 जून 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* {{flagdeco|Laos}} [[Pathet Lao]]
* {{flag|चीन}}<ref name=involved />
* {{flag|सोवियत संघ|1955}}<ref name=involved /><ref name=foreign />
* {{flag|उत्तर कोरिया}}<ref name=involved /><ref name=foreign />
{{Endplainlist}}
'''Military support:'''
{{Plainlist}}
* {{flag|क्यूबा}}<ref name=involved /><ref>''The Cuban Military Under Castro'', 1989. p. 76</ref><ref>Cuba in the World, 1979. p. 66</ref>
* {{flagcountry|Czechoslovak Socialist Republic}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.svet.czsk.net/clanky/svet/koreapokusy.html |title=Korejská záhada zůstává nevyřešena |trans-title=The Korean mystery remains unresolved |publisher=Cesky a slovensky svet |accessdate=24 February 2014 |language=cs |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160419070557/http://www.svet.czsk.net/clanky/svet/koreapokusy.html |archive-date=19 अप्रैल 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.e-polis.cz/mezinarodni-vztahy/322-bilateralni-vztahy-ceske-republiky-a-vietnamske-socialisticke-republiky.html |title=Bilaterální vztahy České republiky a Vietnamské socialistické republiky |trans-title=Bilateral Relations of the Czech Republic and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam |publisher=e-Polis – Internetový politologický časopis |language=cs |accessdate=24 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141014151553/http://www.e-polis.cz/mezinarodni-vztahy/322-bilateralni-vztahy-ceske-republiky-a-vietnamske-socialisticke-republiky.html |archive-date=14 अक्तूबर 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* {{flag|पूर्व जर्मनी}}<ref>{{Cite journal |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/login?auth=0&type=summary&url=/journals/german_studies_review/v036/36.3.horten.pdf |title=Sailing in the Shadow of the Vietnam War: The GDR Government and the "Vietnam Bonus" of the Early 1970s |journal=German Studies Review |volume=36 |issue=3 |pages=557–578 |doi=10.1353/gsr.2013.0114 |year=2013 |last1=Horten |first1=Gerd |access-date=15 जून 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304134412/https://muse.jhu.edu/login?auth=0&type=summary&url=%2Fjournals%2Fgerman_studies_review%2Fv036%2F36.3.horten.pdf |archive-date=4 मार्च 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/stasi-aid-and-the-modernization-the-vietnamese-secret-police |title=Stasi Aid and the Modernization of the Vietnamese Secret Police |date=20 August 2014 |publisher=[[Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars]] |access-date=12 दिसंबर 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019184423/https://www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/stasi-aid-and-the-modernization-the-vietnamese-secret-police |archive-date=19 अक्तूबर 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* {{flagcountry|Polish People's Republic|1947}}<ref name="strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil">{{cite journal |last=Radvanyi |first=Janos |url=http://ssi.armywarcollege.edu/pubs/parameters/Articles/1980/1980%20radvanyi.pdf |title=Vietnam War Diplomacy: Reflections of a Former Iron Curtain Official |journal=Parameters: Journal of the US Army War College |volume=10 |issue=3 |year=1980 |pages=8–15 |access-date=12 दिसंबर 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525181214/http://ssi.armywarcollege.edu/pubs/parameters/Articles/1980/1980%20radvanyi.pdf |archive-date=25 मई 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |title=Poland and Vietnam, 1963: New Evidence on Secret Communist Diplomacy and the "Maneli Affair" |journal=Cold War International History Project |issue=Working Paper #45 |author=Margaret K. Gnoinska |date=March 2005 |citeseerx = 10.1.1.401.5833}}</ref><ref name="cia.gov">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/docs/DOC_0000381439.pdf |title=Intelligence Memorandum: Sources of Military Equipment to Viet Cong and North Vietnamese Military Forces |orig-year=4 November 1968 |date=1998<!-- Released as sanitized --> |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency#Directorate of Analysis|Directorate of Intelligence]], [[Central Intelligence Agency]] |format=PDF |access-date=12 दिसंबर 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170217141822/https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/docs/DOC_0000381439.pdf |archive-date=17 फ़रवरी 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref>
{{Endplainlist}}
{{Collapsible list
| bullets = yes
| title = Other support
| {{flagcountry|People's Republic of Bulgaria}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+bg0066) |title=Foreign Affairs in the 1960s and 1970s |volume=Bulgaria [[Library of Congress Country Studies|Country Study]] |publisher=[[Library of Congress]] |year=1992 |quote=Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, Bulgaria gave official military support to many national liberation causes, most notably in the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, (North Vietnam)… |access-date=15 जून 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.is/20121205055039/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+bg0066) |archive-date=5 दिसंबर 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="cia.gov"/>
| {{flagcountry|Hungarian People's Republic}}<ref name="strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil"/><ref name="cia.gov"/>
| {{flagcountry|Socialist Republic of Romania|1965}}<ref>{{Harvnb|Crump|2015|p=183}}</ref><ref name="cia.gov"/>
| {{flag|स्वीडन}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.historynet.com/why-did-sweeden-support-the-viet-cong.htm |title=Why did Sweden support the Viet Cong? |work=HistoryNet |date=25 July 2013 |access-date=20 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160517034834/http://www.historynet.com/why-did-sweeden-support-the-viet-cong.htm |archive-date=17 मई 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/sweden-announces-support-to-viet-cong |title=Sweden announces support to Viet Cong |work=HISTORY.com |access-date=20 July 2016 |quote=In Sweden, Foreign Minister Torsten Nilsson reveals that Sweden has been providing assistance to the Viet Cong, including some $550,000 worth of medical supplies. Similar Swedish aid was to go to Cambodian and Laotian civilians affected by the Indochinese fighting. This support was primarily humanitarian in nature and included no military aid. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525181411/http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/sweden-announces-support-to-viet-cong |archive-date=25 मई 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref>}}
| combatant2 = {{Plainlist}}
* {{flag|दक्षिणी वियतनाम}}
* {{flag|संयुक्त राज्य}} <ref name=involved>{{cite web |url=https://thevietnamwar.info/what-countries-involved-in-the-vietnam-war/ |title=What countries involved in the Vietnam War? |access-date=April 8, 2018 |last=Rohn |first=Alan |date=November 26, 2012 |work=The Vietnam War |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181013111915/https://thevietnamwar.info/what-countries-involved-in-the-vietnam-war/ |archive-date=13 अक्तूबर 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* {{flagdeco|Cambodia|1970}} [[Khmer Republic]]
* {{flag|लाओस}}<ref name=involved/>
* {{flagdeco|कम्बोडिया}} [[Kingdom of Cambodia (1953–1970)|Kingdom of Cambodia]] <small>(1967–1970)</small>
* {{flag|दक्षिण कोरिया}}<ref name=involved/><ref name=allies /><ref name=foreign />
* {{flag|थाईलैण्ड|1939}}<ref name=involved/><ref name=allies /><ref name=foreign />
* {{flag|ऑस्ट्रेलिया}}<ref name=involved /><ref name=allies /><ref name=foreign />
* {{flag|फ़िलीपीन्स|1936}}<ref name=involved /><ref name=allies /><ref name=foreign />
* {{flag|न्यूज़ीलैण्ड}}<ref name=involved /><ref name=allies /><ref name=foreign />
{{Endplainlist}}
'''Military support:'''
{{Plainlist}}
* {{flag|ताइवान}}<ref name=involved/><ref name="Moïse pp. 3-4">{{Harvnb|Moïse|1996|pp=3–4}}.</ref><ref name=allies>{{cite web |url=http://www.psywarrior.com/AlliesRepublicVietnam.html |title=Allies of the Republic of Vietnam |access-date=April 8, 2018 |last=Friedman |first=Herbert |work=psywarrior.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160620165935/http://www.psywarrior.com/AlliesRepublicVietnam.html |archive-date=20 जून 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=foreign>{{cite web |url=https://militaryhistorynow.com/2013/10/02/the-international-vietnam-war-the-other-world-powers-that-fought-in-south-east-asia/ |title=America Wasn't the Only Foreign Power in the Vietnam War |access-date=April 8, 2018 |last= |first= |date=October 2, 2013 |work=Military History Now |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612165646/https://militaryhistorynow.com/2013/10/02/the-international-vietnam-war-the-other-world-powers-that-fought-in-south-east-asia/ |archive-date=12 जून 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
{{Endplainlist}}
{{Collapsible list
| bullets = yes
| title = Other support
| {{flagdeco|ब्राज़ील|1968}} [[Brazilian military government|ब्राज़ील]]<ref name=allies /><ref name="auto">Weil, Thomas E. et. al. ''Area Handbook for Brazil'' (1975), p. 293</ref>
| {{flagdeco|ईरान|1964}} [[Pahlavi dynasty|ईरान]]<ref name=allies />
| {{flag|जापान|1947}}<ref name=allies />
| {{flagcountry|Francoist Spain}}<ref name=allies />
| {{flag|मलेशिया}}<ref name=allies /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://studentsrepo.um.edu.my/747/4/BAB3.pdf |title=Chapter Three: 1957–1969 Early Relations between Malaysia and Vietnam |publisher=[[University of Malaya]] Student Repository |accessdate=17 October 2015 |format=PDF |page=72 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304095141/http://studentsrepo.um.edu.my/747/4/BAB3.pdf |archive-date=4 मार्च 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=http://www.idfr.gov.my/images/stories/publication/2008/tunku.pdf |title=Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj (Profiles of Malaysia's Foreign Ministers) |publisher=Institute of Diplomacy and Foreign Relations (IDFR), [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Malaysia)]] |year=2008 |accessdate=17 October 2015 |isbn=978-9832220268 |format=PDF |page=31 |quote=The Tunku had been personally responsible for Malaya's partisan support of the South Vietnamese regime in its fight against the Vietcong and, in reply to a Parliamentary question on 6 February 1962, he had listed all the used weapons and equipment of the Royal Malaya Police given to Saigon. These included a total of 45,707 single-barrel shotguns, 611 armoured cars and smaller numbers of carbines and pistols. Writing in 1975, he revealed that "we had clandestinely been giving 'aid' to Vietnam since early 1958. Published American archival sources now reveal that the actual Malaysian contributions to the war effort in Vietnam included the following: "over 5,000 Vietnamese officers trained in Malaysia; training of 150 U.S. soldiers in handling Tracker Dogs; a rather impressive list of military equipment and weapons given to Viet-Nam after the end of the Malaysian insurgency (for example, 641 armored personnel carriers, 56,000 shotguns); and a creditable amount of civil assistance (transportation equipment, cholera vaccine, and flood relief)". It is undeniable that the Government's policy of supporting the South Vietnamese regime with arms, equipment and training was regarded by some quarters, especially the Opposition parties, as a form of interfering in the internal affairs of that country and the Tunku's valiant efforts to defend it were not convincing enough, from a purely foreign policy standpoint. |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016191310/http://www.idfr.gov.my/images/stories/publication/2008/tunku.pdf |archivedate=16 अक्तूबर 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| {{flag|पश्चिम जर्मनी}}<ref name=allies />
| {{flag|यूनाइटेड किंगडम}}<ref name=allies />}}

| strength1   = '''≈860,000 (1967)'''
{{Plainlist}}
* {{flagu|North Vietnam}}: 690,000 (January 1967, included NVA and Việt Cộng)<ref>Victory in Vietnam: The Official History of the People's Army of Vietnam, 1954–1975. Translated by Merle Pribbenow, Lawerence KS: University of Kansas Press, 2002, p. 211: "By the end of 1966 the total strength of our armed forces was 690,000 soldiers.". According to Hanoi's official history, the Viet Cong was a branch of the People's Army of Vietnam.</ref>
* {{flagdeco|Republic of South Vietnam}} Việt Cộng: 200,000 (estimated, 1968)<ref>Doyle, ''The North'', pp. 45–49</ref><ref name="AtoZ"/>
* {{flagu|China|1949}}: 170,000 (1967)<ref name="Toledo Blade 320,000 Chinese troops">{{cite news |agency=Reuters |title=China admits 320,000 troops fought in Vietnam |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1350&dat=19890516&id=HkRPAAAAIBAJ&sjid=_gIEAAAAIBAJ&pg=3769,1925460 |accessdate=24 December 2013 |newspaper=Toledo Blade |date=16 May 1989 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190428231256/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1350&dat=19890516&id=HkRPAAAAIBAJ&sjid=_gIEAAAAIBAJ&pg=3769,1925460 |archive-date=28 अप्रैल 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Roy|1998">{{cite book |last=Roy |first=Denny |title=China's Foreign Relations |url=https://archive.org/details/chinasforeignrel0000royd |year=1998 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-0847690138 |page=[https://archive.org/details/chinasforeignrel0000royd/page/27 27]}}</ref><ref name="books.google.com.vn">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com.vn/books?id=GaZvX2BzeegC&pg=PA176 |title=China and Vietnam |publisher= |isbn=978-0521618342 |author1=Womack |first1=Brantly |year=2006 |access-date=12 दिसंबर 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615191348/https://books.google.com.vn/books?id=GaZvX2BzeegC&pg=PA176 |archive-date=15 जून 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* {{flagdeco|Cambodia|1973}} GRUNK: 70,000 <small>(1972)</small><ref name= Tucker376 >{{cite book |author=Spencer C. Tucker |year=2011 |url=https://books.google.cl/books?id=qh5lffww-KsC |title=The Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War: A Political, Social, and Military History |publisher=ABC-CLIO |page=376 |isbn=978-1851099603 |access-date=12 दिसंबर 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180412082650/https://books.google.cl/books?id=qh5lffww-KsC |archive-date=12 अप्रैल 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Laos}} Pathet Lao: 48,000 (1960)<ref>[http://www.country-data.com/frd/cs/laos/la_glos.htm ]{{dead link|date=June 2018}}</ref>
* {{flagu|North Korea|1948}}: 200<ref>{{cite web |author=Pham Thi Thu Thuy |url=https://www.nknews.org/2013/08/the-colorful-history-of-north-korea-vietnam-relations/ |title=The colorful history of North Korea-Vietnam relations |date=1 August 2013 |accessdate=3 October 2016 |publisher=NK News |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161003110456/https://www.nknews.org/2013/08/the-colorful-history-of-north-korea-vietnam-relations/ |archive-date=3 अक्तूबर 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

| strength2   = '''≈1,420,000 (1968)'''
{{Plainlist}}
* {{flagu|South Vietnam}}: 850,000 (1968)<br />1,500,000 (1974–75)<ref>Le Gro, p. 28.</ref>
* {{flagu|United States}}: 543,000 (April 1969)<ref>{{cite book |last=Tucker |first=Spencer |title=The Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War: A Political, Social, and Military History, 2nd Edition |publisher=ABC-CLIO |year=2011 |isbn=978-1851099610 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=qh5lffww-KsC&pg=PR45&lpg=PR45&dq=peak+us+strength+vietnam+war#v=onepage&q=peak%20us%20strength%20vietnam%20war&f=false |page=xlv }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nps.gov/mrc/reader/vvmcr.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=26 April 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091202200812/http://www.nps.gov/mrc/reader/vvmcr.htm |archive-date=2 December 2009 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
* {{flagu|Laos|1952}} 72,000 Royal Army and [[Hmong people|Hmong]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.footprinttravelguides.com/c/4999/the-rise-of-communism |title=The rise of Communism |website=www.footprinttravelguides.com |access-date=31 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101117114707/http://footprinttravelguides.com/c/4999/the-rise-of-communism/ |archive-date=17 November 2010 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://members.ozemail.com.au/~yeulee/Topical/Hmong%20rebellion%20in%20Laos.html |title=Hmong rebellion in Laos |access-date=12 दिसंबर 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100114073355/http://members.ozemail.com.au/~yeulee/Topical/Hmong%20rebellion%20in%20Laos.html |archive-date=14 जनवरी 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* {{flagu|Cambodia|1970}} 200,000 (1973)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/cambodia2.htm |title=Cambodia Civil War, 1970s |first=John |last=Pike |website=www.globalsecurity.org |access-date=12 दिसंबर 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170121141414/http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/cambodia2.htm |archive-date=21 जनवरी 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* {{flagu|South Korea|1949}}: 50,003
* {{flagu|Thailand|1939}}: 32,000 in Vietnam<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.americanwarlibrary.com/vietnam/vwatl.htm |title=Vietnam War Allied Troop Levels 1960-73 |accessdate=2016-08-02 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160802134052/http://www.americanwarlibrary.com/vietnam/vwatl.htm |archivedate=2 August 2016 |df=dmy-all }}, accessed 7 Nov 2017</ref> and Laos<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/laos.htm|title=Pathet Lao Uprising|first=John|last=Pike|publisher=|access-date=12 दिसंबर 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170904012248/http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/laos.htm|archive-date=4 सितंबर 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
* {{flagu|Australia}}: 7,672
* {{flagu|Philippines|1936}}: 2,061
* {{flagu|New Zealand}}: 552<ref name="AtoZ">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/?id=4VG4AQAAQBAJ&pg=PA11&lpg=PA11&dq=troops+both+sides+in+vietnam+war#v=onepage&q=troops%20both%20sides%20in%20vietnam%20war&f=false |title=The A to Z of the Vietnam War |publisher=The Scarecrow Press |year=2005 |isbn=978-1461719038}}</ref>

| commander1  = {{Plainlist}}
* {{flagicon|North Vietnam}} [[हो चि मिन्ह]]{{KIA|Death by natural causes}}
* {{flagicon|Republic of South Vietnam}} [[Huỳnh Tấn Phát]]
* {{flagicon|Republic of South Vietnam}} [[Nguyễn Hữu Thọ]]
* {{flagicon|Republic of South Vietnam}} [[Hoàng Văn Thái]]
* {{flagicon|Republic of South Vietnam}} [[Nguyễn Chí Thanh]]{{KIA|Death by natural causes}}
* {{flagicon|Republic of South Vietnam}} [[Trần Văn Trà]]
* {{flagicon|Republic of South Vietnam}} [[Nguyễn Văn Linh]]
* {{flagicon|Republic of South Vietnam}} [[Lê Trọng Tấn]]
* {{flagicon|Republic of South Vietnam}} [[Lê Đức Anh]]
* {{flagicon|Republic of South Vietnam}} [[Madame|M<sup>me</sup>]] [[Nguyễn Thị Định]]
* {{flagicon|Republic of South Vietnam}} [[Võ Chí Công]]
* {{flagicon|Republic of South Vietnam}} [[Madame|M<sup>me</sup>]] [[Nguyễn Thị Bình]]
* {{flagicon|Republic of South Vietnam}} [[Võ Văn Kiệt]]
* {{flagicon|Laos}} [[Souphanouvong]]
* {{flagicon|Laos}} [[Kaysone Phomvihane]]
* {{flagicon|Laos}} [[Phoumi Vongvichit]]
* {{flagicon|Laos}} [[Nouhak Phoumsavanh]]
* {{flagdeco|Cambodia}} [[Norodom Sihanouk]]
* {{flagdeco|Cambodia}} [[Son Sann]]
* {{flagdeco|Cambodia|1975}} [[पोल पॉट]]
{{Endplainlist}}
{{Endplainlist}}
| commander2  = {{Plainlist}}
* {{flagicon|South Vietnam}} [[Ngô Đình Diệm]]{{KIA|Arrest and assassination of Ngo Dinh Diem}}
* {{flagicon|South Vietnam}} [[Ngô Đình Nhu]]{{KIA|Arrest and assassination of Ngo Dinh Diem}}
* {{flagicon|South Vietnam}} [[Nguyễn Văn Thiệu]]
* {{flagicon|South Vietnam}} [[Nguyễn Cao Kỳ]]
* {{flagicon|South Vietnam}} [[Cao Văn Viên]]
* {{flagicon|South Vietnam}} [[Ngô Quang Trưởng]]
* {{flagicon|South Vietnam}} [[Dương Văn Minh]]
* {{flagicon|South Vietnam}} [[Trần Thiện Khiêm]]
* {{flagicon|South Vietnam}} [[Trần Văn Hương]]
* {{flagicon|South Vietnam}} [[Nguyễn Khánh]]
* {{flagicon|South Vietnam}} [[Nguyễn Văn Hiếu]]{{KIA|Assassination}}
* {{flagicon|South Vietnam}} [[Đỗ Cao Trí]]{{KIA}}
* {{flagicon|South Vietnam}} [[Nguyễn Chánh Thi]]
* {{flagicon|US|1960}} [[जॉन एफ॰ केनेडी]]{{KIA|Assassination of John F. Kennedy}}
* {{flagicon|US|1960}} [[लिंडन बेन्स जॉनसन|लिंडन बी जॉनसन]]
* {{flagicon|US|1960}} [[रिचर्ड मिल्हौस निक्सन|रिचर्ड निक्सन]]
* {{flagicon|US|1960}} [[जेराल्ड फ़ोर्ड]]
* {{flagdeco|Cambodia|1970}} [[Lon Nol]]
* {{flagdeco|Cambodia|1970}} [[Sisowath Sirik Matak]]
* {{flagicon|Laos|1952}} [[Vang Pao]]
* {{flagicon|Laos|1952}} [[Souvanna Phouma]]
* {{flagicon|Laos|1952}} [[Phoumi Nosavan]]
* {{flagicon|South Korea}} [[पार्क चुंग-हि]]
{{Endplainlist}}
| casualties1 = {{Plainlist}}
* {{flagdeco|उत्तरी वियतनाम}}{{flagdeco|Republic of South Vietnam}} '''North Vietnam & Việt Cộng'''
* 65,000–182,000 civilian dead<ref name="Hirschman"/><ref name="Lewy 1978 450_453"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pbs.org/battlefieldvietnam/timeline/index2.html |title=Battlefield:Vietnam - Timeline |publisher=[[PBS]] |access-date=12 दिसंबर 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100620092609/http://www.pbs.org/battlefieldvietnam/timeline/index2.html |archive-date=20 जून 2010 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* 849,018 military dead <small>(per Vietnam; 1/3 non-combat deaths)</small><ref name=":11"/><ref name="auto3">{{cite web |url=http://chinhsachquandoi.gov.vn/tinbai/309/Tap-huan-cong-tac-chinh-sach |title=Công tác tìm kiếm, quy tập hài cốt liệt sĩ từ nay đến năm 2020 và những năn tiếp theo |trans-title=The work of searching and collecting the remains of martyrs from now to 2020 and the next |publisher=[[Ministry of Defence (Vietnam)|Ministry of Defence]], Government of Vietnam |language=vi |access-date=12 दिसंबर 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181217065036/http://chinhsachquandoi.gov.vn/tinbai/309/Tap-huan-cong-tac-chinh-sach |archive-date=17 दिसंबर 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://dangcongsan.vn/tieu-diem/doi-doi-nho-on-cac-anh-hung-liet-si-259222.html |title=Đời đời nhớ ơn các anh hùng liệt sĩ! |trans-title=Eternal gratitude to the heroes and martyrs! |author=[[Communist Party of Vietnam]] |access-date=2018-06-11 |language=vi |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225041737/http://dangcongsan.vn/tieu-diem/doi-doi-nho-on-cac-anh-hung-liet-si-259222.html |archive-date=25 दिसंबर 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* 666,000–950,765 dead <small>(per US; 1964–74)</small>{{Ref label|perUS|a}}<ref name="Hirschman" /><ref name="auto2">{{cite book |last=Lewy |first=Guenter |authorlink=Guenter Lewy |title=America in Vietnam |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1978 |isbn=9780199874231 |pages=450–1 }}</ref>
* 600,000+ wounded<ref>Soames, John. ''A History of the World'', Routledge, 2005.</ref>
* '''{{flagu|China|1949}}'''<br />≈1,100 dead and 4,200 wounded<ref name="books.google.com.vn"/>
* '''{{flagu|North Korea|1948}}'''<br />14 dead<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/696970.stm |title=North Korea fought in Vietnam War |work=[[BBC News Online]] |date=31 March 2000 |accessdate=18 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080308081900/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/696970.stm |archive-date=8 मार्च 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* '''{{flagu|Soviet Union}}'''<br />16 dead<ref>{{cite book|author1=James F. Dunnigan|author2=[[Albert A. Nofi]]|title=Dirty Little Secrets of the Vietnam War: Military Information You're Not Supposed to Know|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7t-XPOvtWUkC|year=2000|publisher=Macmillan|isbn=0-312-25282-X|access-date=12 दिसंबर 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170425130741/https://books.google.com/books?id=7t-XPOvtWUkC|archive-date=25 अप्रैल 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{Endplainlist}}

'''Total military dead: ≈667,130–951,895'''<br />'''Total military wounded: ≈604,200''' <small>(excluding [[GRUNK]] and [[Pathet Lao]])</small>

| casualties2 = {{Plainlist}}
* '''{{flagu|South Vietnam}}'''
* 195,000–430,000 civilian dead<ref name="Hirschman"/><ref name="Lewy 1978 450_453">{{Harvnb|Lewy|1978|pp=450–53}}.</ref><ref name="Thayer 1">{{Harvnb|Thayer|1985|loc=chap. 12}}.</ref>
* 254,256–313,000 military dead<ref>Clarke, Jeffrey J. (1988), ''United States Army in Vietnam: Advice and Support: The Final Years, 1965–1973'', Washington, D.C: Center of Military History, United States Army, p. 275: "The Army of the Republic of Vietnam suffered 254,256 recorded combat deaths between 1960 and 1974, with the highest number of recorded deaths being in 1972, with 39,587 combat deaths"</ref><ref name=FOOTNOTERummel1997>{{citation |last=Rummel |first=R.J |year=1997 |url=http://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/SOD.TAB6.1A.GIF |format=GIF |title=Table 6.1A. Vietnam Democide : Estimates, Sources, and Calculations |work=Freedom, Democracy, Peace; Power, Democide, and War, University of Hawaii System |access-date=12 दिसंबर 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200527160345/http://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/SOD.TAB6.1A.GIF |archive-date=27 मई 2020 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* 1,170,000 wounded<ref name="ReferenceA">Tucker, Spencer E. ''The Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War: A Political, Social, and Military History'' ABC-CLIO. {{ISBN|1851099611}}</ref>
* '''{{flagu|United States|1960}}'''<br />58,318 dead;<ref name="3newnames">{{cite press release |author=Vietnam Veterans Memorial Fund |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/best-states/washington-dc/articles/2017-05-29/3-new-names-added-to-vietnam-veterans-memorial-wall |title=3 new names added to Vietnam Veterans Memorial wall |date=29 May 2017 |publisher=Associated Press |accessdate=12 दिसंबर 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526233818/https://www.usnews.com/news/best-states/washington-dc/articles/2017-05-29/3-new-names-added-to-vietnam-veterans-memorial-wall |archivedate=26 मई 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> 303,644 wounded <small>(including 150,341 not requiring hospital care)</small>{{refn|The figures of 58,220 and 303,644 for U.S. deaths and wounded come from the Department of Defense Statistical Information Analysis Division (SIAD), Defense Manpower Data Center, as well as from a Department of Veterans fact sheet dated May 2010; the total is 153,303 WIA excluding 150,341 persons not requiring hospital care<ref>{{cite report |title=America's Wars |url=http://www1.va.gov/opa/publications/factsheets/fs_americas_wars.pdf |publisher=Department of Veterans Affairs |date=May 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140124020810/http://www.va.gov/opa/publications/factsheets/fs_americas_wars.pdf |archivedate=24 January 2014 |df=dmy-all }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191127070133/https://www.va.gov/opa/publications/factsheets/fs_americas_wars.pdf |date=27 नवंबर 2019 }}</ref> the CRS ([[Congressional Research Service]]) Report for Congress, American War and Military Operations Casualties: Lists and Statistics, dated 26 February 2010,<ref>{{cite report |date=26 February 2010 |title=American War and Military Operations: Casualties: Lists and Statistics |url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RL32492.pdf |author1=Anne Leland |author2=Mari–Jana "M-J" Oboroceanu |publisher=Congressional Research Service |accessdate=12 दिसंबर 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181209111557/https://fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RL32492.pdf |archivedate=9 दिसंबर 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> and the book Crucible Vietnam: Memoir of an Infantry Lieutenant.<ref>{{Harvnb|Lawrence|2009|pp=65, 107, 154, 217}}</ref> Some other sources give different figures (e.g. the 2005/2006 documentary ''Heart of Darkness: The Vietnam War Chronicles 1945–1975'' cited elsewhere in this article gives a figure of 58,159 U.S. deaths,<ref name="aaron">{{cite video |people=Aaron Ulrich (editor); Edward FeuerHerd (producer and director) (2005, 2006) |url=https://www.amazon.com/Heart-Darkness-Vietnam-Chronicles-1945-1975/dp/B000GDIBT8 |title=Heart of Darkness: The Vietnam War Chronicles 1945–1975 |format=Box set, Color, Dolby, DVD-Video, Full Screen, NTSC, Dolby, Vision Software |medium=Documentary |publisher=Koch Vision |time=321 minutes |isbn=1417229209 |accessdate=12 दिसंबर 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329215600/https://www.amazon.com/Heart-Darkness-Vietnam-Chronicles-1945-1975/dp/B000GDIBT8 |archivedate=29 मार्च 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> and the 2007 book ''Vietnam Sons'' gives a figure of 58,226)<ref>Kueter, Dale. ''Vietnam Sons: For Some, the War Never Ended.'' AuthorHouse (21 March 2007). {{ISBN|978-1425969318}}</ref>|name=USd&w|group=A}}
* '''{{flagu|Laos|1952}}'''<br />15,000 dead<ref>T. Lomperis, From People's War to People's Rule (1996)</ref>
* '''{{flagu|Cambodia|1970}}'''<br />Unknown
* '''{{flagu|South Korea|1949}}'''<br />5,099 dead; 10,962 wounded; 4 missing
* '''{{flagu|Australia}}'''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.awm.gov.au/encyclopedia/vietnam/statistics.asp |title=Australian casualties in the Vietnam War, 1962–72 |publisher=Australian War Memorial |accessdate=29 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130516081613/http://www.awm.gov.au/encyclopedia/vietnam/statistics.asp |archive-date=16 मई 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />521 dead; 3,129 wounded
* '''{{flagu|Thailand|1939}}'''<br />351 dead<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/?id=qh5lffww-KsC|title=The Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War: A Political, Social, and Military History, 2nd Edition [4 volumes]: A Political, Social, and Military History |first=Spencer C. |last=Tucker |year=2011 |publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=9781851099610 }}</ref>
* '''{{flagu|New Zealand}}'''<br />37 dead<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.vietnamwar.govt.nz/resources |title=Overview of the war in Vietnam |publisher=New Zealand and the Vietnam War |date=16 July 1965 |accessdate=29 June 2013 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130726010609/http://vietnamwar.govt.nz/resources |archivedate=26 July 2013 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
* '''{{flagu|Taiwan}}'''<br />25 dead<ref>{{cite web |url=http://militaryhistorynow.com/2013/10/02/the-international-vietnam-war-the-other-world-powers-that-fought-in-south-east-asia/ |title=America Wasn't the Only Foreign Power in the Vietnam War |accessdate=10 June 2017 |date=2013-10-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170609121930/http://militaryhistorynow.com/2013/10/02/the-international-vietnam-war-the-other-world-powers-that-fought-in-south-east-asia/ |archive-date=9 जून 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* '''{{flagu|Philippines|1936}}'''<br />9 dead;<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.history.army.mil/books/Vietnam/allied/ch03.htm |title=Chapter III: The Philippines |publisher=History.army.mil |accessdate=24 February 2014 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029203725/http://www.history.army.mil/books/Vietnam/allied/ch03.htm |archivedate=29 October 2013 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> 64 wounded<ref>{{cite web |url=http://175thengineers.homestead.com/Philcav.pdf |title=Asian Allies in Vietnam |publisher=Embassy of South Vietnam |date=March 1970 |accessdate=18 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140525233348/http://175thengineers.homestead.com/Philcav.pdf |archive-date=25 मई 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
{{Endplainlist}}

'''Total military dead: 333,620–392,364'''<br />'''Total wounded: ≈1,340,000+'''<ref name="ReferenceA"/><br /><small>(excluding [[Royal Cambodian Armed Forces|FARK and FANK]])</small>
{{Endplainlist}}

| casualties3 = {{Plainlist}}
* '''Vietnamese civilian dead''': 627,000–2,000,000<ref name="Lewy 1978 450_453" /><ref name="afp1995">{{cite news |title=20 Years After Victory, Vietnamese Communists Ponder How to Celebrate |first=Philip |last=Shenon |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/04/23/world/20-years-after-victory-vietnamese-communists-ponder-how-to-celebrate.html |date=23 April 1995 |newspaper=[[दि न्यू यॉर्क टाइम्स|The New York Times]] |accessdate=24 February 2011 |quote=The Vietnamese government officially claimed a rough estimate of 2 million civilian deaths, but it did not divide these deaths between those of North and South Vietnam. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629064549/https://www.nytimes.com/1995/04/23/world/20-years-after-victory-vietnamese-communists-ponder-how-to-celebrate.html |archive-date=29 जून 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=Fifty years of violent war deaths from Vietnam to Bosnia: analysis of data from the world health survey programme |url=http://www.bmj.com/content/336/7659/1482 |first1=Ziad |last1=Obermeyer |first2=Christopher J L |last2=Murray |first3=Emmanuela |last3=Gakidou |journal=[[British Medical Journal]] |volume=336 |issue=336 |pages=1482–1486 |doi=10.1136/bmj.a137 |pmid=18566045 |pmc=2440905 |date=23 April 2008 |accessdate=5 January 2013 |quote=From 1955 to 2002, data from the surveys indicated an estimated 5.4 million violent war deaths ... 3.8 million in Vietnam |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612142801/https://www.bmj.com/content/336/7659/1482 |archive-date=12 जून 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* '''Vietnamese total dead''': 966,000<ref name="Hirschman" />–3,812,000<ref name="Obermeyer 2008">{{Harvnb|Obermeyer|Murray|Gakidou|2008}}.</ref>
* '''Cambodian Civil War dead''': 275,000–310,000<ref name="Heuveline, Patrick 2001"/><ref name="Banister, Judith 1993"/><ref name="Sliwinski">{{Cite book |last=Sliwinski |first=Marek |title=Le Génocide Khmer Rouge: Une Analyse Démographique |trans-title=The Khmer Rouge genocide: A demographic analysis |location=Paris |publisher=[[L'Harmattan]] |year=1995 |isbn=978-2738435255 |pp=42–43, 48 }}</ref>
* '''Laotian Civil War dead''': 20,000–62,000<ref name="Obermeyer 2008"/>
* '''Non-Indochinese military dead''': 65,494
* '''Total dead''': 1,326,494–4,249,494
* For more information see [[Vietnam War casualties]] and [[Aircraft losses of the Vietnam War]]
{{Endplainlist}}

| notes       = {{Note label|perUS|a}}Upper figure initial estimate, later thought to be inflated by at least 30% (lower figure), possibly includes civilians misidentified as combatants, see [[Vietnam War body count controversy]]<ref name="Hirschman" /><ref name="auto2"/>
| campaignbox =
{{Campaignbox Indochina Wars}}
{{Campaignbox Vietnam War}}
{{Campaignbox Vietnam War massacres}}
}}
'''वियतनाम युद्ध''' (1 नवम्बर 1955 - 30 अप्रैल 1975) [[शीतयुद्ध]] काल में [[वियतनाम]], [[लाओस]] तथा [[कम्बोडिया|कंबोडिया]] की धरती पर लड़ी गयी एक भयंकर लड़ाई का नाम है। [[प्रथम हिन्दचीन युद्ध]] के बाद आरम्भ हुआ यह युद्ध उत्तरी वियतनाम (कम्युनिस्ट मित्रों द्वारा समर्थित) तथा दक्षिण वियतनाम की सरकार (यूएसए और अन्य साम्यवादविरोधी देशों द्वारा समर्थित) के बीच में लड़ा गया। इसे "द्वितीय हिन्दचीन युद्ध" भी कहते हैं। इसे [[शीतयुद्ध]] के दौरान साम्यवादी और—विचारधारा के मध्य एक प्रतीकात्मक युद्ध के रूप में देखा जाता है।

लाओस ओर कम्बोडिया के साथ वियतनाम हिन्दचीन का एक देश फ्रांस के औपनिवेशिक शासन में था।स्वतंत्रता के संघर्ष में वियतनामी राष्ट्रवादियों को दक्षिणी वियतनाम में मिली असफलता इस युद्ध का प्रमुख कारण था।

== परिचय ==
शीत युद्ध के दौर के सबसे भीषण सैन्य संघर्षों में से एक '''वियतनाम युद्ध''' (1 नवम्बर 1955 - 30 अप्रैल 1975) हैं। जहां एक तरफ '''चीनी जनवादी गणराज्य''' और अन्य साम्यवादी देशों से समर्थन प्राप्त उत्तरी वियतनाम की सेना थी तो दूसरी तरफ '''अमेरिका '''और मित्र देशों के साथ कंधे से कंधा मिला कर लड़ रही दक्षिणी वियतनाम की सेना।

वियतनाम युद्ध के चरम पर होने और अमेरिका के मित्र देशों की सेना की भीषण मारक क्षमता को भली भांति जानते हुए भी '[[लाओस]]' ने अपनी धरती उत्तरी वियतनाम की सेना के लिये मुहैया करा दी। इस एक निर्णय ने लाओस के भविष्य को [[बारूद]] के ढेर के नीचे हमेशा हमेशा के लिये दबा दिया।

अभी तक सिर्फ वियतनाम से ही लड़ रहीं अमेरिका की फ़ौज को एक छोटे से देश लाओस के इस निर्णय पर गुस्सा आ गया। दरअसल लाओस में बैठी उत्तरी वियतनाम की सेना इस देश को अपने सप्लाई रूट और दक्षिण वियतनाम पर भीषण हमला करने के लिये इस्तेमाल करने लगी और यह महाशक्ति अमेरिका को मंज़ूर नहीं हुआ ।

उत्तरी वियतनाम की सेना और छोटे से देश लाओस को सबक सिखाने के लिए अमेरिकी सेना ने यहां सबसे भीषण हवाई हमले की योजना बनाई। अमेरिका की वायुसेना ने दक्षिण पूर्व एशिया के इस छोटे से देश लाओस पर ढेर सारे मात्रा में बम गिराए ।

लाओस में वर्ष 1964 से लेकर 1973 तक पूरे नौ साल अमेरिकी वायुसेना ने हर आठ मिनट में बम गिराए। मीडिया रिपोर्ट्स के अनुसार नौ सालों में अमेरिका ने लगभग 260 मिलयन क्लस्टर बम वियतनाम पर दागे हैं जो कि इराक के ऊपर दागे गए कुल बमों से 210 मिलियन अधिक हैं। लाओस में अमेरिका ने इतने क्लस्टर बम दागे थे कि दुनिया भर में इन बमों से शिकार हुए कुल लोगों में से आधे लोग लाओस के ही हैं।

अमेरिका द्वारा लाओस पर की गई बमबारी को लेकर हुए खुलासों के अनुसार अमेरिका ने नौ सालों तक प्रतिदिन 2 मिलियन डॉलर सिर्फ और सिर्फ लाओस पर बमबारी करने में ही खर्च किए थे।

== प्रमुख घटनाएँ ==
1954 में जेनेवा समझौते के तहत लाओस और कम्बोडिया को स्वतंत्रता मिली थी।

== इन्हें भी देखें ==
* हिन्दचीन युद्ध
* [[ऑपरेशन जंक्शन सिटी]]
* [[चीन-वियतनाम युद्ध]]

== बाहरी कड़ियाँ ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150506235533/http://www.dw.de/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE-%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7-%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87-50-%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2/a-17826836 वियतनाम युद्ध के 50 साल] (डी डब्ल्यू वर्ड)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20121027155348/http://in.jagran.yahoo.com/news/international/general/3_5_6196737/ अभी भी चल रहा है वियतनाम युद्ध!]

== पादटिप्पणी ==
{{reflist|2}}

[[श्रेणी:एशिया के युद्ध]]
[[श्रेणी:वियतनाम]]
[[श्रेणी:अमेरिका के युद्ध]]