डाउ जोन्स औद्योगिक औसत का स्रोत देखें

{{Infobox exchange
| name = डाउ जोन्स औद्योगिक औसत</br>Dow Jones Industrial Average
| logo = 
| image = [[File:DJIA historical graph to jul11 (log).svg|300px|alt=A historical graph. From its record low of under 35 in the late 1890s to a high reached above 14,000 in mid-2011, the Dow rises periodically through the decades with corrections along the way eventually settling in the mid-10,000 range within the last 10 years.]]
| caption =Historical logarithmic graph of the DJIA from 1896 to 2010.
| foundation = {{start date and age|1885|2|16}} (as DJA)<ref>[http://articles.philly.com/1995-02-24/news/25702996_1_blue-chip-stocks-industrial-shares-index Dow Record Book Adds Another First] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303235110/http://articles.philly.com/1995-02-24/news/25702996_1_blue-chip-stocks-industrial-shares-index |date=3 मार्च 2016 }}. Philly.com. Retrieved July 8, 2013.</ref><br>{{start date|1896|5|26}} (as DJIA)<ref name=cdltdj>{{cite web
|
url=https://moneyweek.com/392888/26-may-1896-charles-dow-launches-the-dow-jones-industrial-average/
|
title=26 May 1896: Charles Dow launches the Dow Jones Industrial Average
|
access-date=10 मार्च 2020
|
archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191006090125/https://moneyweek.com/392888/26-may-1896-charles-dow-launches-the-dow-jones-industrial-average/
|
archive-date=6 अक्तूबर 2019
|
url-status=dead
}}</ref>
|operator = [[S&P Dow Jones Indices]]
| exchanges = {{Unbulleted list|[[New York Stock Exchange]]|[[NASDAQ]]}}
| symbol = ^DJI
| constituents = 30
| cap_level = Large cap
| mcap = [[US dollar|$]]8.33 खरब (trillion) (Dec. 2019)<ref>{{cite web |title=Dow Jones (DJIA) Historical Total Market Cap |url=http://siblisresearch.com/data/dow-jones-market-cap/ |access-date=10 मार्च 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190928194756/http://siblisresearch.com/data/dow-jones-market-cap/ |archive-date=28 सितंबर 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| weighting = [[Price-weighted index]]
| homepage = {{URL|https://us.spindices.com/indices/equity/dow-jones-industrial-average}}
}}

'''डाउ जोन्स इंडस्ट्रियल एवरेज''' (Dow Jones Industrial Average) या '''डीजेआईए''' (DJIA) अर्थात '''डाउ जोन्स औद्योगिक औसत''', या सिर्फ '''डाउ''' ({{IPAc-en|'|d|aʊ}}), एक [[शेयर बाजार सूचकांक]] है जो संयुक्त राज्य में [[स्टॉक एक्सचेंज|स्टॉक एक्सचेंजों]] में सूचीबद्ध 30 बड़ी कंपनियों के स्टॉक प्रदर्शन को मापता है। हालाँकि, यह सबसे अधिक अनुसरण किए जाने वाले इक्विटी सूचकांकों में से एक है, फिर भी कई लोग डॉव को कुल मार्केट इंडेक्स जैसे कि [[विल्शायर 5000]] या [[रसेल 3000]] की तुलना में समग्र अमेरिकी शेयर बाजार का एक अपर्याप्त प्रतिनिधित्व मानते हैं, क्योंकि यह केवल 30 बड़ी कैप कंपनियों को शामिल करता है, तथा यह [[बाजार पूंजीकरण]] से भारांकित नहीं होता है, और [[भारित अंकगणित माध्य]] का उपयोग नहीं करता है।<ref>{{cite web | title=Standard & Poor's 500 Index – S&P 500 | url=https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/sp500.asp | publisher=[[Investopedia]] | access-date=10 मार्च 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120614062300/http://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/sp500.asp | archive-date=14 जून 2012 | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | last=Deporre | first=James | title=Ignore the Misleading Dow Jones Industrial Average | url=https://realmoney.thestreet.com/articles/09/07/2018/ignore-misleading-dow-jones-industrial-average | work=[[TheStreet.com]] | date=September 7, 2018 | access-date=10 मार्च 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190812200744/https://realmoney.thestreet.com/articles/09/07/2018/ignore-misleading-dow-jones-industrial-average | archive-date=12 अगस्त 2019 | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | last=Floyd | first=David | title=Discover What Makes the Dow Jones Industrial Average Stupid | url=https://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/010917/opinion-dow-stupid.asp | work=[[Investopedia]] | date=June 25, 2019 | access-date=10 मार्च 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190812201149/https://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/010917/opinion-dow-stupid.asp | archive-date=12 अगस्त 2019 | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | last=Dzombak | first=Dan | title=Why the Dow Jones Industrial Average Is Useless | url=https://www.fool.com/investing/general/2014/04/18/why-the-dow-jones-industrial-average-is-useless.aspx | work=[[The Motley Fool]] | date=Apr 18, 2014 | access-date=10 मार्च 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190812202653/https://www.fool.com/investing/general/2014/04/18/why-the-dow-jones-industrial-average-is-useless.aspx | archive-date=12 अगस्त 2019 | url-status=dead }}</ref>

==घटक==
2 अप्रैल, 2019 से, डाउ जोन्स इंडस्ट्रियल एवरेज में निम्नलिखित कंपनियां शामिल हैं:

{| class="wikitable sortable" id="constituents"
|-
! कम्पनी
! विनिमय (Exchange)
! प्रतीक (Symbol)
! उद्योग
! जुड़ने की तिथि
! टिप्पणियाँ
|-
|[[3M]]
|[[New York Stock Exchange|NYSE]]
|{{New York Stock Exchange|MMM}}
|[[Conglomerate (company)|Conglomerate]]
| 1976-08-09
|as Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing
|-
|[[American Express]]
|[[New York Stock Exchange|NYSE]]
|{{New York Stock Exchange|AXP}}
|[[Financial services]]
| 1982-08-30
|
|-
|[[Apple Inc.]]
|[[NASDAQ]]
|{{NasdaqSymbol|AAPL}}
|[[Information technology]]
| 2015-03-19
|
|-
|[[Boeing]]
|[[New York Stock Exchange|NYSE]]
|{{New York Stock Exchange|BA}}
|[[Aerospace manufacturer]] and [[Arms industry]]
| 1987-03-12
|
|-
|[[Caterpillar Inc.]]
|[[New York Stock Exchange|NYSE]]
|{{New York Stock Exchange|CAT}}
|[[Heavy equipment (construction)|Construction]] and [[Mining]]
| 1991-05-06
|
|-
|[[Chevron Corporation]]
|[[New York Stock Exchange|NYSE]]
|{{New York Stock Exchange|CVX}}
|[[Petroleum industry]]
| 2008-02-19
| also 1930-07-18 to 1999-11-01
|-
|[[Cisco Systems]]
|[[NASDAQ]]
|{{NasdaqSymbol|CSCO}}
|[[Information technology]]
| 2009-06-08
|
|-
|[[The Coca-Cola Company]]
|[[New York Stock Exchange|NYSE]]
|{{New York Stock Exchange|KO}}
|[[Food industry]]
| 1987-03-12
| also 1932-05-26 to 1935-11-20
|-
|[[Dow Inc.]]
|[[New York Stock Exchange|NYSE]]
|{{New York Stock Exchange|DOW}}
|[[Chemical industry]]
| 2019-04-02
|
|-
|[[ExxonMobil]]
|[[New York Stock Exchange|NYSE]]
|{{New York Stock Exchange|XOM}}
|[[Petroleum industry]]
| 1928-10-01
| as [[Esso|Standard Oil of New Jersey]]
|-
|[[Goldman Sachs]]
|[[New York Stock Exchange|NYSE]]
|{{New York Stock Exchange|GS}}
|[[Financial services]]
| 2013-09-20
|
|-
|[[The Home Depot]]
|[[New York Stock Exchange|NYSE]]
|{{New York Stock Exchange|HD}}
|[[Retailing]]
| 1999-11-01
|
|-
|[[IBM]]
|[[New York Stock Exchange|NYSE]]
|{{New York Stock Exchange|IBM}}
|[[Information technology]]
| 1979-06-29
| also 1932-05-26 to 1939-03-04
|-
|[[Intel]]
|[[NASDAQ]]
|{{NasdaqSymbol|INTC}}
|[[Information technology]]
| 1999-11-01
|
|-
|[[Johnson & Johnson]]
|[[New York Stock Exchange|NYSE]]
|{{New York Stock Exchange|JNJ}}
|[[Pharmaceutical industry]]
| 1997-03-17
|
|-
|[[JPMorgan Chase]]
|[[New York Stock Exchange|NYSE]]
|{{New York Stock Exchange|JPM}}
|[[Financial services]]
| 1991-05-06
|
|-
|[[McDonald's]]
|[[New York Stock Exchange|NYSE]]
|{{New York Stock Exchange|MCD}}
|[[Food industry]]
| 1985-10-30
|
|-
|[[Merck & Co.]]
|[[New York Stock Exchange|NYSE]]
|{{New York Stock Exchange|MRK}}
|[[Pharmaceutical industry]]
| 1979-06-29
|
|-
|[[Microsoft]]
|[[NASDAQ]]
|{{NasdaqSymbol|MSFT}}
|[[Information technology]]
| 1999-11-01
|
|-
|[[Nike, Inc.|Nike]]
|[[New York Stock Exchange|NYSE]]
|{{New York Stock Exchange|NKE}}
|[[Apparel]]
| 2013-09-20
|
|-
|[[Pfizer]]
|[[New York Stock Exchange|NYSE]]
|{{New York Stock Exchange|PFE}}
|[[Pharmaceutical industry]]
| 2004-04-08
|
|-
|[[Procter & Gamble]]
|[[New York Stock Exchange|NYSE]]
|{{New York Stock Exchange|PG}}
|[[Fast moving consumer goods]]
| 1932-05-26
|
|-
|[[The Travelers Companies]]
|[[New York Stock Exchange|NYSE]]
|{{New York Stock Exchange|TRV}}
|[[Financial services]]
| 2009-06-08
|
|-
|[[UnitedHealth Group]]
|[[New York Stock Exchange|NYSE]]
|{{New York Stock Exchange|UNH}}
|[[Managed health care]]
| 2012-09-24
|
|-
|[[United Technologies]]
|[[New York Stock Exchange|NYSE]]
|{{New York Stock Exchange|UTX}}
|[[Conglomerate (company)|Conglomerate]]
| 1939-03-14
|as United Aircraft
|-
|[[Verizon Communications|Verizon]]
|[[New York Stock Exchange|NYSE]]
|{{New York Stock Exchange|VZ}}
|[[Telecommunication]]
| 2004-04-08
|
|-
|[[Visa Inc.]]
|[[New York Stock Exchange|NYSE]]
|{{New York Stock Exchange|V}}
|[[Financial services]]
| 2013-09-20
|
|-
|[[Walmart]]
|[[New York Stock Exchange|NYSE]]
|{{New York Stock Exchange|WMT}}
|[[Retailing]]
| 1997-03-17
|
|-
|[[Walgreens Boots Alliance]]
|[[NASDAQ]]
|{{NasdaqSymbol|WBA}}
|[[Retailing]]
| 2018-06-26
|
|-
|[[The Walt Disney Company]]
|[[New York Stock Exchange|NYSE]]
|{{New York Stock Exchange|DIS}}
|[[Broadcasting]] and [[entertainment]]
| 1991-05-06
|
|-
|}

==भूतपूर्व घटक==
{{main|डाउ जोन्स औद्योगिक औसत के ऐतिहासिक घटक}}

2 अप्रैल, 2019 तक, डीजेआईए के घटक 26 मई 1896 को इसके शुरू होने के बाद से 53 बार बदल चुके है। [[जनरल इलेक्ट्रिक]] की सूचकांक पर सबसे लंबी निरंतर उपस्थिति थी, जो 1907 में शुरू हुई और 2018 में समाप्त हुई। 1991 के बाद सूचकांक में परिवर्तन इस प्रकार हैं:

* On May 6, 1991, [[Caterpillar Inc.]], [[J.P. Morgan Chase]], and the [[Walt Disney Company]] replaced [[American Can]], [[Navistar]], and [[U.S. Steel]].<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-05-03-fi-1049-story.html | title=Dow Will Add Disney, Morgan and Caterpillar | work=[[Los Angeles Times]] | date=May 3, 1991 | url-access=subscription}}</ref>
* On March 17, 1997, [[The Travelers Companies]], [[Hewlett-Packard]], [[Johnson & Johnson]], and [[Walmart]] replaced [[Westinghouse Electric]], [[Texaco]], [[Bethlehem Steel]], and [[F. W. Woolworth Company]].<ref>{{cite news | url=https://money.cnn.com/1997/03/12/markets/dow/ | title=Dow replaces 4 components | work=[[CNN]] | date=March 12, 1997}}</ref>
* On November 1, 1999, [[Microsoft]], [[Intel]], [[SBC Communications]], and [[Home Depot]] replaced [[Goodyear Tire]], [[Sears Roebuck]], [[Union Carbide]], and [[Chevron Corporation]].<ref>{{cite news | url=https://money.cnn.com/1999/10/26/markets/dowindustrials/ | title=Dow goes more digital | work=[[CNN]] | date=October 26, 1999 | access-date=13 मार्च 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190429100748/https://money.cnn.com/1999/10/26/markets/dowindustrials/ | archive-date=29 अप्रैल 2019 | url-status=live }}</ref>
* On April 8, 2004, [[American International Group]], [[Pfizer]], and [[Verizon Communications]] replaced [[AT&T Corporation]], [[Kodak]], and [[International Paper]].<ref>{{cite news | url=https://money.cnn.com/2004/04/01/markets/dow/ | title=AT&T, Kodak, IP out of Dow | first=Chris | last=Isidore | work=[[CNN]] | date=April 1, 2004 | access-date=13 मार्च 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613005508/http://money.cnn.com/2004/04/01/markets/dow/ | archive-date=13 जून 2018 | url-status=live }}</ref>
* On February 19, 2008, [[Chevron Corporation]] and [[Bank of America]] replaced [[Altria Group]] and [[Honeywell]]. Chevron was previously a Dow component from July 18, 1930 to November 1, 1999. During Chevron's absence, its split-adjusted price per share went from $44 to $85, while the price of petroleum rose from $24 to $100 per barrel.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://money.cnn.com/2008/02/11/markets/dow_jones/index.htm | title=Dow industrials add Bank of America, Chevron | first=David | last=Goldman | work=[[CNN]] | date=February 11, 2008 | access-date=13 मार्च 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120514040200/http://money.cnn.com/2008/02/11/markets/dow_jones/index.htm | archive-date=14 मई 2012 | url-status=live }}</ref>
* On September 22, 2008, [[Kraft Foods Inc.]] replaced [[American International Group]] (AIG) in the index.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-markets-stocks-aig/aig-bumped-from-dow-replaced-by-kraft-idUSN1829671220080918 | title=AIG bumped from Dow, replaced by Kraft | first=Kristina | last=Cooke | work=[[Reuters]] | date=September 18, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122174423720252297 | title=Kraft Is Added to DJIA, And AIG Is Subtracted | first=E.S. | last=Browning | work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] | date=September 19, 2008 | url-access=subscription | access-date=13 मार्च 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160131082808/http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122174423720252297 | archive-date=31 जनवरी 2016 | url-status=live }}</ref>
* On June 8, 2009, [[The Travelers Companies]] and [[Cisco Systems]] replaced [[Motors Liquidation Company]] (formerly [[General Motors]]) and [[Citigroup]]. Cisco became the third company traded on the NASDAQ to be part of the Dow.<ref>{{cite news | first=E.S. | last=Browning | title=Travelers, Cisco Replace Citi, GM in Dow | url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB124386244318072033 | work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] | date=June 1, 2009 | url-access=subscription | access-date=13 मार्च 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191013103515/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB124386244318072033 | archive-date=13 अक्तूबर 2019 | url-status=live }}</ref>
* On September 24, 2012, [[UnitedHealth Group]] replaced [[Kraft Foods Inc.]] following Kraft's split into [[Mondelez International]] and [[Kraft Foods]].
* On September 20, 2013, [[Goldman Sachs]], [[Nike, Inc.]], and [[Visa Inc.]] replaced [[Alcoa]], [[Bank of America]], and [[Hewlett-Packard]]. Visa replaced Hewlett-Packard because of the split into [[HP Inc.]] and [[Hewlett Packard Enterprise]].<ref>{{cite press release | url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/goldman-sachs-visa--nike-set-to-join-the-dow-jones-industrial-average-223120141.html | title=Goldman Sachs, Visa & Nike Set to Join the Dow Jones Industrial Average | publisher=[[PR Newswire]] | date=September 10, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424127887323595004579066683443715254 | title=Alcoa, H-P and Bank of America to Be Dropped from the Dow Jones | last=Barr | first=Collin | work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] | date=September 10, 2013 | url-access=subscription | access-date=13 मार्च 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150825070032/http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424127887323595004579066683443715254 | archive-date=25 अगस्त 2015 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.thestreet.com/story/12888475/1/missed-out-on-alcoa-hp-how-to-profit-on-nike-and-the-dow-30.html | title=Why Alcoa, Hewlett-Packard Should Still Be in the Dow Industrial 30 | work=[[TheStreet.com]] | access-date=13 मार्च 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812211622/https://www.thestreet.com/story/12888475/1/missed-out-on-alcoa-hp-how-to-profit-on-nike-and-the-dow-30.html | archive-date=12 अगस्त 2017 | url-status=dead }}</ref>
* On March 19, 2015, [[Apple Inc.]] replaced [[AT&T]], which had been a component of the DJIA since November 1916.<ref>{{cite press release | url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/apple-set-to-join-the-dow-jones-industrial-average-300046647.html | title=Apple Set to Join the Dow Jones Industrial Average | publisher=[[PR Newswire]] | date=March 6, 2015 | accessdate=13 मार्च 2020 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160427105716/http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/apple-set-to-join-the-dow-jones-industrial-average-300046647.html | archivedate=27 अप्रैल 2016 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/markets/2015/03/06/apple-added-to-dow/24491631/ | title=iDow: Apple added to iconic Dow stock index | last=Shell | first=Adam | work=[[USA Today]] | date=March 6, 2015 | access-date=13 मार्च 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226171030/https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/markets/2015/03/06/apple-added-to-dow/24491631/ | archive-date=26 फ़रवरी 2020 | url-status=live }}</ref> Apple became the fourth company traded on the NASDAQ to be part of the Dow.
* On September 1, 2017, [[DowDuPont]] replaced [[DuPont]]. DowDuPont was formed by the merger of [[Dow Chemical Company]] with DuPont.<ref>{{cite press release | url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/dowdupont-set-to-join-dow-jones-industrial-average-300509503.html | title=DowDuPont Set to Join Dow Jones Industrial Average | publisher=[[PR Newswire]] | date=August 24, 2017 | accessdate=13 मार्च 2020 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191202185648/https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/dowdupont-set-to-join-dow-jones-industrial-average-300509503.html | archivedate=2 दिसंबर 2019 | url-status=live }}</ref>
* On June 26, 2018, [[Walgreens Boots Alliance]] replaced [[General Electric]], which had been a component of the DJIA since November 1907, after being part of the inaugural index in May 1896 and much of the 1896 to 1907 period.<ref>{{cite press release | url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/walgreens-boots-alliance-set-to-join-dow-jones-industrial-average-300669013.html | title=Walgreens Boots Alliance Set to Join Dow Jones Industrial Average | publisher=[[PR Newswire]] | date=June 19, 2018 | accessdate=13 मार्च 2020 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191204171350/https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/walgreens-boots-alliance-set-to-join-dow-jones-industrial-average-300669013.html | archivedate=4 दिसंबर 2019 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.reuters.com/article/walgreens-boots-ge/walgreens-to-replace-ge-in-dow-jones-industrial-average-idUSL4N1TL4V1 | title=Walgreens to replace GE in Dow Jones Industrial Average | first=Supantha | last=Mukherjee | work=[[Reuters]] | date=June 19, 2018 | access-date=13 मार्च 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620005340/https://www.reuters.com/article/walgreens-boots-ge/walgreens-to-replace-ge-in-dow-jones-industrial-average-idUSL4N1TL4V1 | archive-date=20 जून 2018 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/06/19/walgreens-replacing-ge-on-the-dow.html | title=GE booted from the Dow, to be replaced by Walgreens | first=Angelica | last=LaVito | work=[[CNBC]] | date=June 19, 2018 | access-date=13 मार्च 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191028052518/https://www.cnbc.com/2018/06/19/walgreens-replacing-ge-on-the-dow.html | archive-date=28 अक्तूबर 2019 | url-status=live }}</ref>
* On April 2, 2019, [[Dow Inc.]] replaced [[DowDuPont]]. Dow, Inc. is a spin-off of DowDuPont, itself a merger of [[Dow Chemical Company]] and [[DuPont]].<ref>{{cite press release | url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/dow-set-to-join-dow-jones-industrial-average-300819082.html | title=Dow Set to Join Dow Jones Industrial Average | publisher=[[PR Newswire]] | date=March 26, 2019 | accessdate=13 मार्च 2020 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191011150315/https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/dow-set-to-join-dow-jones-industrial-average-300819082.html | archivedate=11 अक्तूबर 2019 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-04-02/dow-inc-jumps-in-first-trading-day-after-split-from-dowdupont | title=Dow Inc. Jumps in Trading Debut After Split From DowDuPont | last=Kaskey | first=Jack | work=[[Bloomberg News]] | date=April 2, 2019 | access-date=13 मार्च 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191226001851/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-04-02/dow-inc-jumps-in-first-trading-day-after-split-from-dowdupont | archive-date=26 दिसंबर 2019 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/dow-inc-to-replace-dowdupont-in-djia-11553638776 | title=Dow Inc. to Replace DowDuPont in DJIA | first=Akane | last=Otani | work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] | date=March 26, 2019 | url-access=subscription | access-date=13 मार्च 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190814164600/https://www.wsj.com/articles/dow-inc-to-replace-dowdupont-in-djia-11553638776 | archive-date=14 अगस्त 2019 | url-status=live }}</ref>

==निवेश के तरीके (Investment methods)==
डीजेआईए में निवेश [[इंडेक्स फंड्स]] के साथ-साथ [[डेरिवेटिव्स]] जैसे कि [[विकल्प अनुबंध]] और [[वायदा अनुबंध]] के जरिए संभव है।

===म्यूचुअल और एक्सचेंज-ट्रेडेड फंड (Mutual and exchange-traded funds)===

===वायदा अनुबंध (Futures contracts)===

===विकल्प अनुबंध (Options contracts)===

==वार्षिक पुनर्प्राप्ति (Annual returns)==
निम्न तालिका डाउ जोन्स सूचकांक (इंडेक्स) के वार्षिक विकास को दर्शाती है, जिसकी गणना 1885 को आधार मानकर की गई थी।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.measuringworth.com/datasets/DJA/index.php|title=Daily Closing Values of the Dow Jones Average in the United States, May 2, 1885 to Present|last=|first=|date=|website=|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190608214107/https://measuringworth.com/datasets/DJA/index.php|archive-date=8 जून 2019|access-date=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/%5EDJI/history/|title=Dow Jones Industrial Average (^DJI) Historical Data - Yahoo Finance|website=finance.yahoo.com|language=en-US|access-date=2020-01-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200204070803/https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/%5EDJI/history|archive-date=4 फ़रवरी 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>

<div style="width: auto; height: 20em; overflow: auto; background: white; border: 1px solid #B4B4B4;">
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible sortable" style="text-align:right;"
|+ class="nowrap" | तालिका दिखाएं/छिपाएँ
! वर्ष
! समापन स्तर (Closing level)
! सूचकांक में बदलाव<br />(अंकों में)
! सूचकांक में बदलाव<br />(% में)
|-
| 1885 || 39.29 || 10.83 || 38.05
|-
| 1886 || 41.03 || 1.74 || 4.43
|-
| 1887 || 37.58 || −3.45 || −8.41
|-
| 1888 || 39.39 || 1.81 || 4.82
|-
| 1889 || 41.56 || 2.17 || 5.51
|-
| 1890 || 35.68 || −5.88 || −14.15
|-
| 1891 || 41.97 || 6.29 || 17.63
|-
| 1892 || 39.21 || −2.76 || 6.58
|-
| 1893 || 29.57 || −9.64 || −24.59
|-
| 1894 || 29.40 || −0.17 || −0.57
|-
| 1895 || 30.07 || 0.67 || 2.28
|-
| 1896 || 29.56 || −0.51 || −1.70
|-
| 1897 || 36.07 || 6.51 || 22.02
|-
| 1898 || 44.18 || 8.11 || 22.48
|-
| 1899 || 48.24 || 4.06 || 9.19
|-
| 1900 || 51.62 || 3.38 || 7.01
|-
| 1901 || 47.13 || −4.49 || −8.70
|-
| 1902 || 46.93 || −0.20 || −0.42
|-
| 1903 || 35.85 || −11.08 || −23.61
|-
| 1904 || 50.82 || 14.97 || 41.76
|-
| 1905 || 70.23 || 19.41 || 38.19
|-
| 1906 || 68.88 || −1.35 || −1.92
|-
| 1907 || 42.89 || −25.99 || −37.73
|-
| 1908 || 62.89 || 20.00 || 46.63
|-
| 1909 || 72.31 || 9.42 || 14.98
|-
| 1910 || 59.40 || −12.91 || −17.85
|-
| 1911 || 59.63 || 0.23 || 0.39
|-
| 1912 || 64.15 || 4.52 || 7.58
|-
| 1913 || 57.51 || −6.64 || −10.35
|-
| 1914 || 54.58 || −2.93 || −5.09
|-
| 1915 || 99.15 || 44.57 || 81.66
|-
| 1916 || 95.00 || −4.15 || −4.19
|-
| 1917 || 74.38 || −20.62 || −21.71
|-
| 1918 || 82.20 || 7.82 || 10.51
|-
| 1919 || 107.23 || 25.03 || 30.45
|-
| 1920 || 71.95 || −35.28 || −32.90
|-
| 1921 || 81.10 || 9.15 || 12.72
|-
| 1922 || 98.73 || 17.63 || 21.74
|-
| 1923 || 95.52 || −3.21 || −3.25
|-
| 1924 || 120.51 || 24.99 || 26.16
|-
| 1925 || 156.66 || 36.15 || 30.00
|-
| 1926 || 157.20 || 0.54 || 0.34
|-
| 1927 || 202.40 || 45.20 || 28.75
|-
| 1928 || 300.00 || 97.60 || 48.22
|-
| 1929 || 248.48 || −51.52 || −17.17
|-
| 1930 || 164.58 || −83.90 || −33.77
|-
| 1931 || 77.90 || −86.68 || −52.67
|-
| 1932 || 59.93 || −17.97 || −23.07
|-
| 1933 || 99.90 || 39.97 || 66.69
|-
| 1934 || 104.04 || 4.14 || 4.14
|-
| 1935 || 144.13 || 40.09 || 38.53
|-
| 1936 || 179.90 || 35.77 || 24.82
|-
| 1937 || 120.85 || −59.05 || −32.82
|-
| 1938 || 154.76 || 33.91 || 28.06
|-
| 1939 || 150.24 || −4.52 || −2.92
|-
| 1940 || 131.13 || −19.11 || −12.72
|-
| 1941 || 110.96 || −20.17 || −15.38
|-
| 1942 || 119.40 || 8.44 || 7.61
|-
| 1943 || 135.89 || 16.49 || 13.81
|-
| 1944 || 152.32 || 16.43 || 12.09
|-
| 1945 || 192.91 || 40.59 || 26.65
|-
| 1946 || 177.20 || −15.71 || −8.14
|-
| 1947 || 181.16 || 3.96 || 2.23
|-
| 1948 || 177.30 || −3.86 || −2.13
|-
| 1949 || 200.13 || 22.83 || 12.88
|-
| 1950 || 235.41 || 35.28 || 17.63
|-
| 1951 || 269.23 || 33.82 || 14.37
|-
| 1952 || 291.90 || 22.67 || 8.42
|-
| 1953 || 280.90 || −11.00 || −3.77
|-
| 1954 || 404.39 || 123.49 || 43.96
|-
| 1955 || 488.40 || 84.01 || 20.77
|-
| 1956 || 499.47 || 11.07 || 2.27
|-
| 1957 || 435.69 || −63.78 || −12.77
|-
| 1958 || 583.65 || 147.96 || 33.96
|-
| 1959 || 679.36 || 95.71 || 16.40
|-
| 1960 || 615.89 || −63.47 || −9.34
|-
| 1961 || 731.14 || 115.25 || 18.71
|-
| 1962 || 652.10 || −79.04 || −10.81
|-
| 1963 || 762.95 || 110.85 || 17.00
|-
| 1964 || 874.13 || 111.18 || 14.57
|-
| 1965 || 969.26 || 95.13 || 10.88
|-
| 1966 || 785.69 || −183.57 || −18.94
|-
| 1967 || 905.11 || 119.42 || 15.20
|-
| 1968 || 943.75 || 38.64 || 4.27
|-
| 1969 || 800.36 || −143.39 || −15.19
|-
| 1970 || 838.92 || 38.56 || 4.82
|-
| 1971 || 890.20 || 51.28 || 6.11
|-
| 1972 || 1,020.02 || 129.82 || 14.58
|-
| 1973 || 850.86 || −169.16 || −16.58
|-
| 1974 || 616.24 || −234.62 || −27.57
|-
| 1975 || 852.41 || 236.17 || 38.32
|-
| 1976 || 1,004.65 || 152.24 || 17.86
|-
| 1977 || 831.17 || −173.48 || −17.27
|-
| 1978 || 805.01 || −26.16 || −3.15
|-
| 1979 || 838.74 || 33.73 || 4.19
|-
| 1980 || 963.99 || 125.25 || 14.93
|-
| 1981 || 875.00 || −88.99 || −9.23
|-
| 1982 || 1,046.54 || 171.54 || 19.60
|-
| 1983 || 1,258.64 || 212.10 || 20.27
|-
| 1984 || 1,211.57 || −47.07 || −3.74
|-
| 1985 || 1,546.67 || 335.10 || 27.66
|-
| 1986 || 1,895.95 || 349.28 || 22.58
|-
| 1987 || 1,938.83 || 42.88 || 2.26
|-
| 1988 || 2,168.57 || 229.74 || 11.85
|-
| 1989 || 2,753.20 || 584.63 || 26.96
|-
| 1990 || 2,633.66 || −119.54 || −4.34
|-
| 1991 || 3,168.83 || 535.17 || 20.32
|-
| 1992 || 3,301.11 || 132.28 || 4.17
|-
| 1993 || 3,754.09 || 452.98 || 13.72
|-
| 1994 || 3,834.44 || 80.35 || 2.14
|-
| 1995 || 5,117.12 || 1,282.68 || 33.45
|-
| 1996 || 6,448.27 || 1,331.15 || 26.01
|-
| 1997 || 7,908.25 || 1,459.98 || 22.64
|-
| 1998 || 9,181.43 || 1,273.18 || 16.10
|-
| 1999 || 11,497.12 || 2,315.69 || 25.22
|-
| 2000 || 10,786.85 || −710.27 || −6.18
|-
| 2001 || 10,021.50 || −765.35 || −7.10
|-
| 2002 || 8,341.63 || −1,679.87 || −16.76
|-
| 2003 || 10,453.92 || 2,112.29 || 25.32
|-
| 2004 || 10,783.01 || 329.09 || 3.15
|-
| 2005 || 10,717.50 || −65.51 || −0.61
|-
| 2006 || 12,463.15 || 1,745.65 || 16.29
|-
| 2007 || 13,264.82 || 801.67 || 6.43
|-
| 2008 || 8,776.39 || −4,488.43 || −33.84
|-
| 2009 || 10,428.05 || 1,651.66 || 18.82
|-
| 2010 || 11,577.51 || 1,149.46 || 11.02
|-
| 2011 || 12,217.56 || 640.05 || 5.53
|-
| 2012 || 13,104.14 || 886.58 || 7.26
|-
| 2013 || 16,576.66 || 3,472.52 || 26.50
|-
| 2014 || 17,823.07 || 1,246.41 || 7.52
|-
| 2015 || 17,425.03 || −398.04 || −2.23
|-
| 2016 || 19,762.60 || 2,337.57 || 13.42
|-
| 2017 || 24,719.22 || 4,956.62 || 25.08
|-
| 2018 || 23,327.46 || −1,391.76 || −5.63
|-
|2019
|28,538.44
|5,210.98
|22.34
|-
|}
</div>

==इतिहास==
===आरम्भ===
[[File:DJIA Trading Volume.png|thumb|डीजेआईए के शेयरों में 1929 से 2012 तक  मासिक व्यापार की मात्रा]]

===प्रारंभिक घटक===
डाउ ने 26 मई, 1896 को अपने औद्योगिक स्टॉक की पहली बार औसत शुद्ध (average purely) गणना की, जो कि अब डॉव जोन्स इंडस्ट्रियल एवरेज के रूप में जाना जाता है।
मूल 12 में से कोई भी उद्योग अभी भी सूचकांक का हिस्सा नहीं है।<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/steveschaefer/2011/07/15/the-first-12-dow-components-where-are-they-now/ | title=The First 12 Dow Components: Where Are They Now? | first=Steve | last=Schaefer | work=[[Forbes]] | date=July 15, 2011 | access-date=13 मार्च 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180105233647/https://www.forbes.com/sites/steveschaefer/2011/07/15/the-first-12-dow-components-where-are-they-now/ | archive-date=5 जनवरी 2018 | url-status=live }}</ref>

* American Cotton Oil Company, a predecessor company to [[Hellmann's and Best Foods]], now part of [[Unilever]].<ref name=first12/>
* [[American Sugar Refining Company]], became Domino Sugar in 1900, now [[Domino Foods, Inc.]]<ref name=first12/>
* [[American Tobacco Company]], broken up in a 1911 [[antitrust]] action.
* Chicago Gas Company, bought by [[Peoples Gas]] Light in 1897, now an operating subsidiary of [[Integrys Energy Group]].<ref name=first12/>
* Distilling & Cattle Feeding Company, now [[Millennium Chemicals]], formerly a division of [[LyondellBasell]].<ref>{{cite press release | url=https://lyondellbasell.mediaroom.com/index.php?s=43&item=54 | title=Lyondell Completes Acquisition of Millennium Chemicals | publisher=[[PR Newswire]] | date=December 1, 2004}}</ref><ref name=first12>{{cite news | url=https://www.fool.com/investing/general/2013/04/09/what-happened-to-the-first-12-stocks-on-the-dow.aspx | title=What Happened to the First 12 Stocks on the Dow? | first=Alex | last=Planes | work=[[The Motley Fool]] | date=April 9, 2013 | access-date=13 मार्च 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191111224939/https://www.fool.com/investing/general/2013/04/09/what-happened-to-the-first-12-stocks-on-the-dow.aspx | archive-date=11 नवंबर 2019 | url-status=dead }}</ref>
* [[General Electric]], still in operation, removed from the Dow Jones Industrial Average in 2018.<ref name=first12/>
* [[Laclede Gas Company]], still in operation as [[Spire Inc]], removed from the Dow Jones Industrial Average in 1899.<ref name=first12/>
* National Lead Company, now [[NL Industries]], removed from the Dow Jones Industrial Average in 1916.<ref name=first12/>
* [[North American Company]], an [[electric utility]] [[holding company]], broken up by the [[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission]] (SEC) in 1946.<ref name=first12/>
* [[Tennessee Coal, Iron and Railroad Company]] in [[Birmingham, Alabama]], bought by [[U.S. Steel]] in 1907; U.S. Steel was removed from the Dow Jones Industrial Average in 1991.<ref name=first12/>
* [[United States Leather Company]], dissolved in 1952.<ref name=first12/>
* [[United States Rubber Company]], changed its name to Uniroyal in 1961, merged with private [[Goodrich Corporation]] in 1986, bought by [[Michelin]] in 1990.<ref name=first12/>

===शुरुआती वर्ष===

===1940 का दशक===

===1950 का दशक===

===1960 का दशक===

===1970 का दशक===

===1980 का दशक===
[[File:Black Monday Dow Jones.svg|thumb|left|[[ब्लैक मंडे (1987)]] को डाउ 22.61% गिरकर 2,500 के स्तर से लगभग 1,750 हो गया। दो दिन बाद, हल्का सुधार करते हुए यह 10.15% बढ़कर यह 2,000 के स्तर से ऊपर हो गया।]]

===1990 का दशक===

===साल 2000 का दशक===
[[File:DJIA during 911.svg|thumb|left|[[11 सितंबर के हमले|11 सितंबर के हमलों]] के बाद डाउ 14.3% गिर गया। एक्सचेंजों को 12 सितंबर से 16 सितंबर 2001 तक बंद कर दिया गया था।]]







[[File:DJIA 2000s graph (log).svg|thumb|380px|जनवरी 2000 से फरवरी 2015 तक डीजेआईए की स्थिति।| alt=A graph that illustrates a trading range from the mid-7,000 level to the 14,000 level aside from a low in the mid-6,000 level in early 2009. The average traded at or near the 10,000 range for most of the 2000s decade.]]

===2010 का दशक===

===2020 का दशक===
27 फरवरी, 2020 को, '''डाउ जोन्स औद्योगिक औसत''' (डीजेआईए)  1,191 अंक गिरा, जो इस सूचकांक के इतिहास में सबसे बड़ा संख्यात्मक गिरावट था , जिसके लिए कुछ लोगों ने बढ़ते [[2019–20 वुहान कोरोनावायरस महामारी|कोरोनावायरस]] महामारी पर चिंता को जिम्मेदार ठहराया।<ref name="USA Today Dow Feb 27">{{Cite web |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2020/02/27/dow-markets-plunge-correction-coronavirus/4889977002/ |title=Dow plunges 1,191 points, its biggest one-day point drop, as coronavirus fears escalate |last=Menton |first=Jessica |website=[[USA Today]] |access-date=February 28, 2020}}</ref> हालांकि सोमवार, 2 मार्च को भारी गिरावट के बाद  डाउ 1293.96 अंक (5.09%) चढ़ा। फिर भी तीन दिन बाद लगभग 1000 अंकों की एक और गिरावट  हुई,  फेड (Fed) द्वारा ब्याज दरों में ढील देने के बावजूद।<ref name="cnn6march2020">{{Cite web |url=https://www.ccn.com/this-is-why-the-dow-jones-suffered-an-agonizing-crash-today/ |title=This Is Why Dow Jones Suffered an Agonizing Crash Today |website=[[CNN]] |access-date=March 6, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200308122518/https://www.ccn.com/this-is-why-the-dow-jones-suffered-an-agonizing-crash-today/ |archive-date=8 मार्च 2020 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

9 मार्च, 2020 को, '''डाउ जोन्स औद्योगिक औसत''' [[कोरोनावायरस]] वायरस की आशंका और [[सऊदी अरब]] तथा [[रूस]] के बीच [[तेल कीमत युद्ध]] के कारण शुरुआत मे 2000 से अधिक अंकों तक गिरा, जिसके कारण 15 मिनट के लिए [[व्यापार अंकुश]] (trading curb) लगाना पडा।<ref>{{cite web |title=Stocks plunge at market open, trading halts after Dow drops 1800 points |url=https://www.msnbc.com/stephanie-ruhle/watch/stocks-plunge-at-market-open-trading-halts-after-dow-drops-1800-points-80319557862 |website=MSNBC |publisher=MSNBC |accessdate=9 March 2020}}</ref>

==गणना==

==आकलन (Assessment)==

==इन्हें भी देखें==
{{Portal|Capitalism|Business and economics}}
* [[Closing milestones of the Dow Jones Industrial Average]]
* [[Historical record closes of the Dow Jones Industrial Average]]
* [[List of largest daily changes in the Dow Jones Industrial Average]]


==सन्दर्भ==
{{टिप्पणीसूची}}

==और पढ़ें==
* {{cite book | last=Stillman | first=Richard | title=Dow Jones Industrial Average: History and Role in an Investment Strategy | url=https://archive.org/details/dowjonesindustri00stil | url-access=registration | publisher=Dow Jones-Irwin |year=1986}}

==बाहरी कड़ियाँ==
{{Commons category|Dow Jones Industrial Average}}
* {{Official website|http://us.spindices.com/indices/equity/dow-jones-industrial-average}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20190202182325/https://us.spindices.com/indexology/djia-and-sp-500/the-dow-s-milestones Dow Jones Industrial Average Milestones]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20200105132020/https://us.spindices.com/indexology/djia-and-sp-500/sizzlers-and-fizzlers Dow Jones Industrial Average Biggest Gains and Losses]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20190102102921/https://www.nasdaq.com/aspx/infoquotes.aspx?symbol=INDU&selected=INDU Dow Jones Industrial Average at NASDAQ]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20200228071416/https://www.nyse.com/quote/index/DJI Dow Jones Industrial Average at NYSE Euronext]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170129010030/http://www.cboe.com/DelayedQuote/SimpleQuote.aspx?ticker=.DJIA Dow Jones Industrial Average at the Chicago Board Options Exchange]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160629213256/http://finance.yahoo.com/q/cp?s=%5EDJI Dow Jones Industrial Average Component Quotes] at [[Yahoo! Finance]]

{{Dow Jones Industrial Average companies}}
{{Stock market indexes}}
{{American Stock market indices}}
{{News Corporation}}

[[Category:Dow Jones Industrial Average| ]]
[[Category:1896 establishments in the United States]]
[[Category:American stock market indices]]
[[Category:Dow Jones & Company]]
[[Category:S&P Dow Jones Indices]]